Терминология и используемые концепции english
APPENDIX 1.
THE TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS USED:
DEFINITIONS
n this first
small chapter we wish to define more precisely the principal terms used
further. It's always quite complicated procedure, but in this particular case
we can do it quite correctly after describing indicative qualities of every
main socio-cultural formation. We do not even hope to present here a completely
exhaustive, maximum correct definitions, and in general don't believe such
"statements of a things' precise meaning" make any particular sense.
It seems more important to define certain theoretical basis that would make it
possible to successively and exactly distinguish one socio-cultural formation
or process from another, along the whole length of their historical evolution.
Complexity of this task is that socio-cultural formations and processes have
very long life terms and exist as an astonishing diversity of specific external
forms. With it all, their essence remains one and the same. Variety of the
socio-cultural formations' and processes' specific forms makes defining the
terminology used here quite a practical problem.
* * *
HOMELAND -
the most deeply transformed in a socio-cultural respect territory where
representatives of a certain socio-cultural formation lived and / or still live
during historically lengthy interval of time, absolutely securing this
territory as their own. Homeland's territory is always furiously protected and
defended from any outside invasions. Representatives of the alien
socio-cultural formations may be present there only for a brief time and with
many restrictions that especially concerns homelands of socio-cultural systems.
Territories of
the Urals and Moscow region may serve as the examples of the Russian homeland.
They were assimilated according to Russian standards and are clearly
interpreted as Russian homeland, though duration of these territories' occupation
by the Russian population differs essentially.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
SYSTEM (SCS) - type of the socio-cultural formations dominating
in a socio-cultural evolution. SCS-s include main part of the World's population
and inhabited territories. SCS-s are characterised by great sizes of their
territories and considerable quantities of own population; they possess
original standards of a space, society and state organisation as well as many
unique qualities because of those they do differ drastically from the rest of
the socio-cultural formations.
Unique
characteristics of SCS-s are as follows:
* ability to
expand own homeland at the expense of socio-cultural assimilation of a new
territories;
* ability to
generate complicated structure of own space, with internal buffer zones, in
order to protect and defend itself from other SCS-s;
* complete cycle
of the space socio-cultural assimilation which includes seven principal
periods;
* domination of the
inner logic over outer factors which are always used in a strict correspondence
with the SCS's evolution internal order;
* ability to
create naturally dependent vassals in a course of socio-cultural transformation
of other territories;
* own world religion,
or its own unique version;
* ability to
widen a circulation of own language outside own homeland, and first of all - in
the internal buffer zone and among the naturally dependent vassals;
* reliability
and self-sufficiency of own economy;
* ability to
generate and invent stable original economic standards and forms which may have
no analogues outside a single SCS.
There are eight
socio-cultural systems, and in the process of their evolution each of them goes
through seven periods. With this, with every period SCS-s acquire specific
distinguished forms. Thus, there are 56 essentially different external forms of
SCS-s to examine which we should base all the theoretical interpretations on a
correct generalisation of a very high level.
INTERNAL BUFFER
ZONE OF SCS - qualitatively original and distinctive
socio-cultural part of the SCS's space that is always located on the
"outskirts" of the SCS's homeland, along its borders with other
socio-cultural formations. Internal buffer zone is destined mainly to protect
homeland of a single SCS from immediate contacts with alien SCS-s and their possible
aggression. It may border with an external socio-cultural buffer zone as well
as an internal buffer zone of a neighbouring SCS. Organisation of an internal
buffer zone is characterised by many distinctive qualities determined by the
specific evolutionary process of the SCS this particular buffer zone belongs
to.
Example of the
internal buffer zone of the past is the territory of the Great Novgorod
Principality that, during socio-cultural contest of Russian SCS of the XI - XVI
centuries, protected Russian homeland from the invasions of Western SCS. Modern
internal buffer zone of Russian SCS is formed by the newly independent states
rising after the collapse and transformation of the USSR. All of them,
excluding Belarus and Kazakhstan, have formed internal buffer zone of Russian
SCS, irrespective of their own wishes as well as - and especially -
declarations.
NATURALLY
DEPENDENT VASSAL - relatively integral territory with own population
that retains some - not really principal - differences from the neighbouring,
dominating over it SCS, but became this SCS's inalienable part as a result of a
lengthy and systematic socio-cultural transformation. It is important that sizes
of states - naturally dependent vassals may vary essentially: the point isn't
size in itself, but a special socio-cultural type of these formations.
Naturally
dependent vassals may possess a considerable amount of political and economic
independence, have quite complicated - at times conflicting - relationships
with their dominants, being actually just a part of a dominating SCS.
In fact, they
practically cannot change their socio-cultural status, and the point isn't just
separate, single economic or political actions, but socio-cultural measures
that should be conducted successively during several centuries and (most
probably) on the competing SCS-s' own initiative. Only initiative or,
especially, declaratory wishes of a naturally dependent vassal itself are never
quite enough to change its socio-cultural status, and no single example of a
naturally dependent vassal really changing its status is known. Study of eight
SCS-s along the whole length of their history confirms that, if some territory
was formed as a naturally dependent vassal of a certain SCS, then it remains as
such forever.
Example of a
naturally dependent vassals are modern, now politically independent states
rising in place of the disintegrated former USSR. All of them, excluding only
Belarus and Kazakhstan, are naturally dependent vassals of Russia.
EXTERNAL
SOCIO-CULTURAL BUFFER ZONE - type of the socio-cultural formations
that evolves to separate two or more alien SCS-s. As a rule, external buffer
zones border not immediately with the SCS-s, but with their internal buffer
zones completely controlled by their own SCS-s. External buffer zone as a
special socio-cultural formation is characterised by extreme instability and
dependence on dynamics of those SCS-s it separates.
East Europe may
serve as the classic example of the external buffer zone, being a special type
of the socio-cultural formation which separates Western and Russian SCS-s.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
DOMAIN (SCD) - type of the socio-cultural formations that is
quite similar to socio-cultural system, but possesses a substantial quantity of
a principal distinctions. It's characterised by stable and prolonged existence
as well as specific economic, social and cultural forms. Fundamental differences
compare to SCS are that SCD-s are categorically unable to assimilate and
transform new territories into own homeland, expanding it with this, and create
naturally dependent vassals: so, there is no systematic work with space as in
case of a socio-cultural systems. The effect is a sort of socio-cultural conservation:
SCD-s do not change / expand their own space and in general do not evolve in
themselves during very prolonged periods; modern results of such phenomenon are
quite modest sizes of their territories. Another essential SCD-s distinction
from SCS-s manifests itself in their extraordinary situational behaviour.
At the present
level of knowledge about socio-cultural formations and processes, there is no
possibility to determine the reasons for emerging differences of socio-cultural
systems and domains with respect to space, but it's possible to describe all
the details and components of these distinctions.
MIXED
SOCIO-CULTURAL REGION - territory that has no distinct internal
socio-cultural dominant and where various socio-cultural formations (SCS-s,
SCD-s and buffer zones) co-exist. As a rule, these are regions of the young
historical assimilation which, in some perspective, gain socio-cultural
certainty, but with this may retain in their boundaries presence of a several
socio-cultural formations. Most probable evolution of a mixed socio-cultural
regions is into naturally dependent vassals and external buffer zones, and as a
more rare case - into part of the homeland of some SCS.
ENCLAVE -
territory of a historically temporary domination of a particular SCS within
another socio-cultural and / or political formation. Genesis and evolution of
enclaves are diverse and in many respects depend on a specific characteristics
of a particular SCS's dynamics. As a rule, enclaves are generated in a process
of expanding areas controlled by one or another SCS. They carry out important
socio-cultural tasks, but are not lasting as from historical point of view.
Next in turn stage of the SCS's evolution may become the reason for enclave's
degradation, even in the absence of an external pressure.
ENCLAVE-COMMUNITY
WITHIN ALIEN SCS - critical self-reproducible quantity of one SCS'
population permanently living on the territory of another SCS and retaining
with this own specific socio-cultural standards. Enclave-community reproduces
itself by means of both natural growth and mechanical migrations of population
from maternal SCS into SCS of permanent inhabitancy. Enclave-communities are most
typical for the regions of mixed socio-cultural assimilation as well as pioneer
colonisation.
As the classical
example we may consider black inhabitants of North America, and the USA in
particular.
CIVILISATION -
initial form of the territories' sporadic socio-cultural colonisation that may
be found in a socio-cultural systems, but does not bear an compulsory
character. It is typical for the first periods of the SCS-s' evolution. As soon
as SCS starts large-scale spatial assimilation, civilisation is being absorbed
by its own SCS and then change its organization into another forms.
Civilisations are isolated one from another, but not from their own SCS-s. It
is an initial form of the SCS's existence, its possible first exterior
manifestation and appearance.
Quite often,
ecological crises become the specific reason for transition from the
territories' sporadic colonisation within civilisations to their large-scale
spatial assimilation. Such crises are being generated as an indications of the
achieving the certain level of the space assimilation processes. Results of
ecological crises generated by civilisations are usually migrations of their
population to other regions. From that point of view, civilisations might also
be considered as a cause for the growth of the SCS's population up to certain
quantity. Most of the known civilisations are the facts of the distant history:
they either remained in the past, or have grown into SCS-s. It is especially
important to link the fact of the existence of civilisations as a quite
reserved centres of culture and territories' assimilation and the fact that
they often did not produce any inheritance to the fact that the general process
of socio-cultural assimilation "re-covers" such formations, absorbs
and "dissolves" them within.
Ecological
crises as a reason for the civilisations' decay, or their drastic degradation,
should be examined from the general positions of fundamental socio-cultural
process of the territories' assimilation. In such context, it is clear that
ecological crisis is the most efficient way and reason to make the population
of a certain civilisation to "spread" around the under-populated
territory of its own SCS.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
CONTEST
- process which is inherent only for socio-cultural systems. Its socio-cultural
meaning lies in developing and selecting the most efficient, in a specific
historical conditions, socio-cultural basis for a certain SCS which should
determine further ways of solving this SCS' most fundamental and principal
problems. Socio-cultural contests may take place during various periods of the
SCS-s evolution and, as a rule, in a form of a cycle of civil wars, domestic
quarrels and feuds, economic and cultural depression. They do usually leave the
very gloomy and strange memories in the following generations and become the
subject of subsequent falsifications from the side of their very own SCS-s. In
reality, socio-cultural contests are absolutely necessary for the efficient
growth and development of any SCS and are a kind of its response to changing
arrangements of socio-cultural powers.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
STANDARD
- combination of the specific regulating principles and norms that rule a
state's and society's organization, as well as specific forms through those
internal potential of a socio-cultural formation is being realised. Initial
socio-cultural standard emerges together with its socio-cultural formation. As
for SCS's, it's being formed during first period of their evolution; then it
may be essentially transformed as a result of a socio-cultural contest
conducted by SCS. Transformation of a socio-cultural standard takes place only
in SCS-s: it is an indication of their high adaptability to changing
(socio-cultural) environment / conditions.
SOCIO-CULTURAL
MIGRATIONS (SOCIO-CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT MIGRATIONS) -
migrations that are directed outside the traditional homeland of a certain SCS
and aimed at the socio-cultural transformation of the alien territories into
the new homeland of the SCS in question, or creating its naturally dependent
vassals. Ability to generate such migrations is the unique quality of SCS-s.
Specific causes that bring them about may be very different, but, as a rule,
manifest themselves through generating a sort of the "end of the
World" within traditional homeland.
Example of the
migrations aimed at the expanding the own homeland is eastward flight of
Russians to new territories in Siberia and Far East as from the second half of
the XVI century, and especially - as from the second half of the XVII century. The
result of the "time of troubles" within the traditional - at the time
- Russian homeland and the Russian Orthodox church schism were mass migrations
of the Russian population to new lands that thus became the new Russian
homeland - not the result of a fortuitous, but socio-culturally grounded
process.
Processes of the
rise and growth of the Cossack movement in Moscow Tsardom and Russian Empire as
well as resettlements of a considerable numbers of Russians in Baltic Republics
and Central (Middle) Asia during Soviet times may serve as the examples of the
migrations aimed at the creating naturally dependent vassals. Results of such
"melting" actions and processes began revealing themselves only after
the USSR disintegration. Transformed in a socio-cultural respect territories
turned out to be greatly dependent from Russia.
Such processes
are of universal character and take place in the evolution of actually all the
SCS-s - socio-cultural migrations are not unique for any one of them.
SCS's EVOLUTION -
process of the SCS's change through realisation of its own internal potential
and taking into consideration outer factors and conditions. External factors
may exert essential influence on SCS, mainly on its specific forms, but in
general, process of the SCS's evolution is a product of its own internal
development.
PERIOD -
historically significant interval of time in the SCS's evolution during which
radical and clearly identified transformation of the entire SCS's space, based
on its own internal logic, takes place. Qualitatively redesigned organization
of the entire SCS's space is usually the result of the completed period.
SUBPERIOD - a
part of a period during which vital and definitely identified transformations
of some territories within the SCS's space are being performed. Such
transformations may be regarded as individual manifestations of a more
fundamental processes of space assimilation within SCS.
The basic
distinction between the period and subperiod is that changes occurred during a
subperiod may be of a local character, connected only to a separate regions
within SCS. A sum of subperiods forms a period. A period, depending on its own
specifics and current tasks of a SCS, may include a varied number of
empirically established subperiods (as a rule, from 2 to 5).
STAGE - a
part of a subperiod within which clearly distinguished specific political,
economic and/or social transformations / reorganisation of SCS, not necessarily
connected with recurrent completed changes in a process of its space
assimilation, take place.
Stage is usually
a historically brief interval of time and is only identified when a very
detailed analysis of the SCS's evolution is being made. Presence of a certain
political, economic and/or social specifics in the SCS's evolution is a
criterion to single out a stage.
Idea of a stage
is extremely important to correctly interpret a historical data on specific
SCS's evolution. Socio-cultural approach isn't just general theoretical
construction, but it's a tool and basis for examination and interpretation of
concrete processes and events.
APPENDIX 2.
TYPES OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL FORMATIONS
SOCIO-CULTURAL TYPE'S INDICATIONS / QUALITIES
SOCIO-CULTURAL
SPACE
1.1. Relatively
large areas of permanent inhabitancy
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Always possesses
and controls significant territories
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Never comparable
to the SCS' space. As a rule, it's much less than the territory of any taken
separately SCS, and may be quite insignificant
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Never comparable
with the SCS' space. As a rule, it's much less than the territory of any taken
separately SCS, and as the neighbouring socio-cultural systems progress,
decreases to a certain modest size
Mixed
socio-cultural region
May possess
quite large initial area, but demonstrates persistent tendency to its gradual
reduction, due to various parts of the territory assimilation into and by other
socio-cultural formations - socio-cultural systems and domains
1.2. Homeland
where significant quantities of its population live permanently
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Always has own
homeland where significant part of its population lives continually
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
In accordance
with this particular criterion, there are two types of socio-cultural domains:
* Stable SCD,
with permanent homeland and permanent population;
* Sporadic SCD,
with homeland where its population may be absent for centuries
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Homeland exists,
but it's extremely changeable in configuration and size, and unstable. Its
fluctuations depend mainly on external factors, such as pressure from the side
of a neighbouring SCS-s. Furthermore, homeland cannot be defined absolutely
exactly within an entire area of inhabitancy and control of this particular
socio-cultural type's population as a whole
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Homeland has no
definite, precise character. At the developed stage, micro-differences of the
neighbouring socio-cultural enclaves' homelands may take place. Representatives
of the various socio-cultural systems and domains have own homelands within the
mixed region
1.3. Ability to
expand the homeland, through assimilation into it new territories
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Has the ability
to assimilate the new territories into own homeland, as a rule, in regard to
territories bordering with the old homeland and extended from its boundaries
for any distance. This ability is the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. Only temporary changes of the space under control may take place. In
practice, homeland never changes to grow
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability. Homeland may hardly be defined from an entire area of permanent
inhabitancy of the particular socio-cultural buffer zone's population and its
temporary control. Homeland never grows as a result of new territories
assimilation
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Socio-cultural
systems' homelands expand to a considerable degree at the expense of
transformation of the mixed socio-cultural regions' spaces. Population of the
mixed socio-cultural regions themselves does not reveal any tendencies to
expand their homeland(-s)
1.4. Ability to
generate complicated internal structure of own socio-cultural space, as a
response to demands from the outside (existence of an internal buffer zones)
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Has the ability
to generate complicated internal structure of own space, mainly in order to
protect and defend itself from other SCS-s and as a response to respective
demands from the outside. This ability expresses itself in creating internal
buffer zones along the borders with other SCS-s and external buffer zones. This
is the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no ability
to generate complicated internal structure of own space. It is homogeneous
because of its insignificant size and absence of systematic work with own space
as well as neighbouring territories during historically considerable intervals
of time
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no ability
to generate complicated internal structure of own space. The latter is extremely
unstable and changeable in configuration and size, and depends on outer
factors, in particular, state / conditions and conflicts of the neighbouring
SCS-s
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no ability
to generate complicated internal structure of own space. The latter is
extremely unstable and changeable in configuration and size, and depends on
outer factors, in particular, state / conditions and conflicts of the
neighbouring SCS-s
1.5. Ability to
generate civilisations as a form of the own territory sporadic colonisation and
assimilation, at the early stages of evolution
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Does have such
ability. In the early periods of evolution, SCS-s may produce isolated
civilisations. Later on, as SCS develops and evolves, it absorbs these
civilisations into itself. Generating civilisations is a unique, but, none the
less, not obligatory quality and indication of the SCS: it depends on a
specific (regional) conditions of a historical process
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Unable to
generate civilisations. In spite of their whatever great age and antiquity,
SCD-s do not invent such forms of the territories' colonisation / assimilation
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Unable to
generate civilisations
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Unable to
generate civilisations
1.6. Ability to
independently generate one or several stable states within own socio-cultural
space
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
ability to independently generate one or several stable states. Number of states
depends on a period of the SCS evolution and may vary greatly (from one state
occupying the whole SCS's territory, and up to several dozens)
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
This ability
manifests itself depending on the SCD's type:
* Stable SCD
with stable population and stable homeland, as a rule, generates one stable
state;
* Sporadic SCD
with homeland where its population may be absent for centuries, generates one
state that however exists only from time to time
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Never independently
generates stable states. Buffer states constantly change their boundaries and,
in general, greatly vary in their sizes and configurations. Subject to
(conflicting) interests and state / conditions of competing neighbouring SCS-s,
they may be represented either by one or several states. Any buffer states are
extremely unstable and always greatly depend on external factors
(inter-relations of neighbouring SCS-s, in particular)
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Never
independently generates stable states, though areas inhabited by certain
population - but never states - may be quite stable. May have both one or
several states as well as no states at all: everything depends on positions of
SCS-s participating in the region's assimilation, and the evolutionary age of
the mixed region itself
1.7.
Concentration of the considerable reserves of vitally important natural
resources within own socio-cultural space
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Usually
possesses considerable reserves of vitally important natural resources. Their
structure differs significantly and, of course, depends on previous geological
history of the SCS's territory, but in general available resources allow the
SCS's economy to exist, in practice, autonomously
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
SCD's territory,
as a rule, isn't considerable in itself, and most often reserves of vitally
important natural resources are not contained there. In case of Northern SCD,
their independent exploitation is in fact impossible due to primitive level of
this SCD's general progress
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
As a rule, there
are no considerable reserves of vitally important natural resources within
socio-cultural buffer zones. And if such resources are found, then unstable
space of a buffer zone becomes an object for the next re-partition by competing
neighbouring SCS-s, and buffer zone itself is again left without an important
natural resource
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Considerable
reserves of vitally important natural resources may be found, but their
exploitation is completely determined by various SCS-s participating in a mixed
region's assimilation, and is an external business for the particular mixed
region itself
1.8. Ability to
generate ecological crises as a steps in assimilating own socio-cultural space
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
ability to generate ecological crises within local spaces during process of
their assimilation, in order to move then further, to new territories with
better natural and living conditions - in order to generate ecological crises
there afresh. Such is, as a matter of fact, strategy of an initial
socio-cultural assimilation of territories within utmost possible limits. After
the boundaries of the socio-culturally assimilated spaces are defined,
ecological crises lose their socio-cultural meaning and are not being generated
any more
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
There is no such
ability. SCD-s do not generate ecological crises as a step in a space
assimilation, and are adapted to their natural environment with maximum
correctness. The reason is not so much their highly-developed culture, but
mainly their inability to expand own socio-culturally assimilated space
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Socio-culturally
oriented ecological crises may take place in a buffer zones, but they are never
aimed to expand their own socio-cultural space and / or assimilate alien
territories, and are results of periodic fluctuations of a buffer zone's
territory influenced by neighbouring SCS-s. The reason for such ecological
crises may be, for instance, next in turn replacement of a dominating SCS.
Similar ecological crises are generated not by buffer zone itself, but by one
of neighbouring SCS-s within a buffer zone's space - as a sort of socio-cultural
provocation aimed at achieving certain purposes of a certain SCS
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Socio-culturally
oriented ecological crises may take place in a mixed regions, but they are
never aimed at expanding their own socio-cultural space and assimilating alien
territories, and are results of periodic changes in the SCS-s' power arrangements
in the region. The reason for such ecological crisis may be, for instance, next
in turn replacement of a dominant in the region
2.
SOCIO-CULTURAL TIME
2.1. Stable
existence during historically considerable intervals of time
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Stable existence
during historically significant intervals of time is a characteristic of SCS-s.
Their life terms are amounted to 2500 years and more
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Stable existence
during historically significant intervals of time is also a characteristic of
SCD-s. Their life terms are amounted to 2500 years and more, too
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Usually formed
as a result of neighbouring SCS-s interaction and competition. As a rule,
duration of a buffer zone existence is lesser than that of any neighbouring
SCS-s. Life term of the buffer zone as a specific socio-cultural formation may
amount to 1000 years and more
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Heavily depends
on specific (historical) conditions of the region colonisation. As a developed
formations may exist for a very long while without any changes. Life term of a
completely formed mixed socio-cultural region may amount to 2000 years and more
2.2. Complete
cycle of the own socio-cultural space formation which includes series of
successive periods determined by the inner logic of the space evolution
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses a
complete cycle of the space socio-cultural assimilation. Researches reveal
seven principal periods of socio-cultural evolution, and every period may
consist of a few particular phases - subperiods and stages. This is the unique
quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
cycle. As distinguished from SCS, SCD does not work regularly at transforming
its socio-cultural space. Its homeland is static during historically
considerable intervals. As a result of a favourable outside situation, SCD's
controlled space may change drastically, but always for a very brief time and
without any socio-cultural assimilation / transformation of the territory that
falls under such temporary control
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no complete
cycle. Everything depends on the outside situation that determines the buffer
zone's behaviour. Buffer zone itself does not work regularly at expanding and
transforming its socio-cultural space. As a result of a favourable outside situation,
space controlled by particular buffer zone may change drastically, but always
for a (historically) brief time and without any socio-cultural assimilation /
transformation of the territory that falls under such temporary control
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no complete
cycle. Everything depends on the outside factors and situation that determine
specific behaviour of the mixed socio-cultural region. It's unable to work
regularly at expanding and transforming its socio-cultural space at all
3.
CONTACTS WITH OUTER WORLD
3.1. Correlation
of inner logic and outer factors. Ability to resist socio-cultural pressure
from the outside
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Inner logic
always prevails over outer factors that are only used in case of strict
correspondence with the SCS's evolution internal order. Even successful
external spatial expansions are always used for the own inner purposes. This is
the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Does have some
inner regularities which may sometimes prevail over external factors, but in
many cases namely outer factors prove to play decisive role in determining ways
of the SCD's evolution. Pressure from the outside does not usually lead to
annihilation of the SCD's socio-cultural specifics, but its resistance to the
outside influences isn't sufficient
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Internal logic
does not play a significant role. Outer factors obviously dominate. Pressure
from the neighbouring SCS-s' side takes place nearly permanently and determines
ways of the buffer zone evolution. Resistance to the outside influences is extremely
low
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Internal logic
does not play a significant role. Outer factors obviously prevail. Correlation
of the various SCS-s' positions in the mixed socio-cultural region determines
ways of its evolution. Resistance to the outside influences is extremely low
3.2. Ability to
create socio-cultural enclaves to transform and assimilate alien territories
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
ability to create enclaves within alien regions to transform and assimilate
them socio-culturally. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. May establish temporary enclaves only as a way of own diffusion, but
never - for socio-cultural transformation and assimilation of alien territories
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability. May establish temporary enclaves only as a way of own diffusion, but
never - for socio-cultural transformation and assimilation of alien
territories. Territories of the socio-cultural buffer zones themselves are
often being assimilated into other socio-cultural formations
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability. Population of the mixed regions may create temporary enclaves only as
a way of own diffusion, but never - for socio-cultural transformation and
assimilation of alien territories, often being themselves assimilated into
other socio-cultural formations
3.3. Ability to
create socio-cultural enclave-communities
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Able to create
stable enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Able to create
stable enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Able to create
temporary enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations during
periods of excessive emigration, but with time these enclave-communities always
become themselves assimilated into their foster socio-cultural formations
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Able to create
temporary enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations during
periods of excessive emigration, but with time these enclave-communities always
become themselves assimilated into their foster socio-cultural formations
3.4. Ability to
establish colonies, military-political and economic vassals outside own
homeland
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
If necessary,
may generate such vassals and colonies alike, usually established to solve
certain internal problems produced in the process of own socio-cultural
evolution and other territories' transformation
Socio-cultural domain
(SCD)
In case of
necessity and as a result of a certain, advantageous external situation, SCD-s
with stable homelands may generate colonies and vassals, but only for a very
brief time. However, this never leads to socio-cultural transformation of neither
stable SCD-s themselves nor peoples and territories temporarily subordinate to
them. Sporadic SCD-s never establish neither vassals nor colonies
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
May generate
colonies and vassals of a second grade, with this permanently being itself a
vassal of a certain neighbouring SCS. Space temporarily controlled by the
buffer zone states never exceeds the limits of internal and external buffer
zones themselves. Changes of the controlled areas are absolutely unstable and
always external matters for a buffer zone itself
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Mixed
socio-cultural region is usually itself a colony and / or vassal of a certain
SCS and subject to the various SCS-s struggle and socio-cultural competition
3.5. Ability to
create naturally dependent vassals in a course of a socio-cultural
transformation of other territories
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Has the ability
to create naturally dependent vassals in a course of socio-cultural
transformation of other territories. This is the unique quality and indication
of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. Military-political and economic vassals of a second grade never become
naturally dependent ones. SCD-s themselves may, for some historical time,
become vassals of a neighbouring SCS and then use such subordinate status to
achieve own goals and gain some socio-cultural benefits
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability. Buffer zones never form naturally dependent vassals and themselves are
always vassals of a neighbouring SCS. Change of a dominating SCS is a routine
and always external matter
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability. Mixed socio-cultural regions never form naturally dependent vassals
and themselves are always vassals of various SCS-s that pretend to assimilate
some territories within the region. Change of a dominating SCS is a routine and
always external matter
4.
POPULATION
4.1. Existence
of a relatively large quantities of own population
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Quantities of
the SCS's population, compare to general numbers of currently inhabiting the
Earth people, are always significant. Most of the World's population lives
within SCS-s
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Quantities of
the SCD-s' population, as a rule, are not comparable to those of SCS-s', but
may be quite significant, especially in the case of SCD-s with stable homelands
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Quantity of the
buffer zone's population may be quite large, but, as a rule, it's never
comparable to that of any taken separately SCS. It maintains definite tendency
to periodically reduce the numbers of own population, at the expense of various
mechanical migrations of its considerable parts
Mixed socio-cultural
region
Quantity of the
mixed region's population may be quite large, but, as a rule, it's not
comparable to that of SCS
4.2. Ability to
conduct a successive socio-cultural assimilation of alien population, by
including it into own structure together with the new territories
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Able to
socio-culturally assimilate alien population successively. This ability
manifests itself during periods of creating the own homeland and internal
buffer zones. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. SCD's population is rigidly reserved and unable to assimilate alien
population in principle. Isolation from the rest of the world is a strict
standard of SCD as a specific socio-cultural formation
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability. There is no isolation as in case of SCD, but there is no assimilation
of alien population either
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Within mixed
socio-cultural regions, assimilation of alien population and territories by
various SCS-s takes place. At the developed stages of a mixed region
assimilation, it ceases to exist
4.3. Ability of
population to retain its qualitative specific characteristics within alien
socio-cultural formations
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
SCS's population
is able to preserve its specific qualities within alien socio-cultural
formations
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
SCD's population
possesses strikingly expressed ability to retain own specific qualities within
alien socio-cultural formations. It guarantees SCD's survival in a sporadic
condition during historically considerable intervals of time
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Such ability
isn't quite obvious. Usually, assimilation of the significant parts of a buffer
zone's population into other socio-cultural formations takes place
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Population is
too diverse and heterogeneous. As a rule, it retains own qualitative
characteristics, but also may be assimilated itself: everything depends on a
combination of specific (historical) conditions
4.4. Extent of a
socio-cultural homogeneity of the population
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Population has
homogeneous socio-cultural character. There are certain stages of its
socio-cultural assimilation. There is also definite distinction between
population of such types of the socio-cultural spaces as homeland, internal
buffer zones and enclaves. Exceptions may appear among population inhabiting
recently included into SCS territories. Existence of such non-converted (non-transformed)
socio-culturally population and its territories within SCS is usually temporary
and ends in a complete socio-cultural assimilation. Growth of the SCS
population is attributed to natural increase as well as assimilation of new
territories with all their population, with the latter's successive conversion
and transformation that may last for centuries
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Population has
homogeneous socio-cultural character and differs drastically from the rest of
the world. SCD's basic distinction from SCS is that growth of the SCD's
population is attributed to its natural increase only, and never - to
socio-cultural conversion and assimilation of other territories with their
population
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
As a rule,
population isn't socio-culturally homogeneous. Depending on a specific
historical situation, very different versions and combinations of the
population socio-cultural structure may take place
Mixed
socio-cultural region
As a rule,
population isn't homogeneous. Depending on a specific historical situation,
very different versions and combinations of the population socio-cultural
structure may occur
4.5. Ability to
generate migrations of population for socio-cultural transformation of other
territories
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses such
ability. SCS-s generate migrations of population to socio-culturally transform
alien territories into homelands, naturally dependent vassals and enclaves
within buffer zones. In all the SCS-s, such migrations most often happen as a
result of creating "end of the World" (mass starvation, civil wars,
unstable state authorities) within traditional homelands. This is the unique
quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability
4.6. Ability to
generate migrations of population to diffuse it into other socio-cultural
formations, with no purpose of the latter's transformation
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Has no such
ability. SCS-s do never possess too big numbers of population so that to force
it out into new territories without historically clear and definite purposes of
the latter's socio-cultural transformation
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Such ability can
be traced down. SCD-s representatives may be diffused into various SCS-s and be
present there to solve own problems, but never - to transform and assimilate
other territories socio-culturally
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Such ability can
be traced down. Mass migrations of the buffer zone's population into alien
socio-cultural formations, and especially - into SCS-s, are possible from time
to time, and are even quite regular. Such migrations become a norm during
aggravation of a neighbouring SCS-s' competition to control some particular
buffer zone, and may be well provoked by these SCS-s. However, migrations from
buffer zones never aim to transform and assimilate other territories
socio-culturally
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Such ability
exists. Mass migrations of the mixed region's population into alien
socio-cultural formations, and especially - into SCS-s, are quite possible from
time to time. Such migrations become a norm during aggravation of relations of
the SCS-s that participate in a competition to control some particular mixed
region, and may be well provoked by these SCS-s. Migrations from mixed regions
never aim to transform and assimilate other territories socio-culturally
4.7. Ability to
maintain multinational structure of population, with various languages, within
own socio-cultural formation
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses such
ability. Can maintain whatever multinational structure of population and large
numbers of languages, even representing different lingual groups. Unity and
integrity of the SCS's spaces is determined by their respective assimilation.
National and lingual diversity do not have an influence on SCS in principle. In
this respect SCS-s may demonstrate staggering tolerance that grows
substantially after completing the socio-cultural transformation of the
respective territories
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. Within own homeland, consistent intolerance to different nationalities
and their suppression develop. In case of SCD with own stable homeland,
mono-national structure of population and singular language usually take place
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has a
multinational structure of population and big numbers of languages that are
foreign relatively one another. They are united only by the neighbouring SCS-s'
pressure that affects all the nations of a buffer zone. This pressure may be
reflected differently on a different nations, and it naturally gives rise to
inner problems within the buffer zone's population
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has a
multinational structure of population and big numbers of languages that are
foreign relatively one another. They are united only by the fact that pressure
of the competing for the region SCS-s affects all its nations / population.
This pressure may be reflected differently on a different nations, and it
naturally gives rise to inner problems within the mixed region's population
5.
RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND SPIRITUAL CULTURE
5.1. Own
specific world religion, or its own unique version
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Always possesses
own world religion or its own unique version. This is the unique quality and
indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no own world
religion. SCD's religions may be of a national character only and are bound to
this particular SCD at most
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no own world
religion. Some version of the neighbouring SCS's religion always dominates.
Choice of the religion is determined by specific historical and often
circumstantial factors; in general, it's completely regulated by correlation of
the neighbouring SCS-s' positions in the area
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Various world
religions may peacefully co-exist there, with no obvious dominance of any one.
Structure of religions represented in the region is determined in many respects
by external factors
5.2. Ability to
propagate and diffuse own version of religion outside own socio-cultural
formation for the purpose of other territories transformation
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses such
ability. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS: it promotes own
version of religion in a process of assimilation of alien territories and
population
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability
5.3. One or
several dominant languages
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Within lingual
diversity, one or few languages obviously dominate. There may also exist substantial
number of stable languages with limited circulation. Language isn't an absolute
indicative distinction of the particular SCS from the rest of the
socio-cultural formations. SCS's dominant language may widen its circulation
quite independently from the SCS itself
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
There is always
one clearly dominating language that serves as a basis for singling out this
particular socio-cultural formation from the rest of the world. This is an
absolute indicative distinction of SCD-s from the rest of the socio-cultural
formations
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Essence of this
socio-cultural formation is such that considerable number of languages always
co-exist there, in a proportion that is characteristic for population of some
particular buffer zone. There are no and cannot be whatever dominant languages
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Essence of this
socio-cultural formation is such that considerable number of languages always
co-exist there, in a proportion that is characteristic for population of some
particular mixed region. There are no and cannot be whatever dominant languages
5.4. Ability to
widen circulation of the own dominant language(-s) as a daily used one(-s)
outside own socio-cultural formation
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Able to widen a
circulation of own language outside own homeland, and first of all - in the
internal buffer zone and among the naturally dependent vassals. Such language
begins being used there as a daily mean of communication that is an important
element of the process of socio-cultural assimilation of territories and
population. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Has no such
ability. Language is a unique attribute of the particular SCD's population and
may only be diffused together with its bearers. Population of other
socio-cultural formations never use this language as a mean of daily
communication
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability. Diffusion of a language(-s) may only accompany migrations of a buffer
zone's population which, however, easily adopts language(-s) of either a more
attractive or dominant SCS
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability. Diffusion of a language(-s) may only accompany migrations of a mixed
region's population which, however, easily adopts language(-s) of either a more
attractive or dominant SCS
6.
ECONOMICS AND PRODUCTIVE FORCES
6.1. Extent of
reliability and self-sufficiency of the socio-cultural formation's economy
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Economy is
reliable and self-sufficient. It possesses considerable internal reserves, and
contacts with other socio-cultural formations do not play determining role in
its development, though these contacts are important for solving internal
socio-cultural problems such as the neighbouring territories' transformation
and competition with alien SCS-s. This is the unique quality and indication of
SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Economy is
extremely vulnerable and never self-sufficient; in case of isolation becomes
obviously poor and mediocre. Contacts with other socio-cultural formations are
of most importance for economic prosperity and desired stability those, however,
are never really lasting
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Economy is
extremely vulnerable and never self-sufficient. It depends mainly on
neighbouring SCS-s, and these may both arrange for a periodic destruction in a
buffer zone and assist its short-term prosperity if it conforms to their
interests
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Economy is
extremely dependent on SCS-s pretending to control the mixed region. In certain
conditions of isolation, it may become self-sufficient (at the level of poverty
and mediocrity)
6.2. Ability to
generate stable and invent original economic standards and forms
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
ability to generate and invent stable original economic standards and forms
which may have no analogues outside this particular SCS. This is the unique
quality and indication of SCS
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Able to generate
and invent original economic standards and forms, however, quite unstable and
aimed only to withstand the competing SCS-s' pressure
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability
6.3. Ability to
generate technological innovations for socio-cultural purposes
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
ability to generate and invent technological innovations for solving own
socio-cultural problems, and first of all - internal tasks of creating the own
homeland and naturally dependent vassals
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Possesses the
ability to generate technological innovations for solving own socio-cultural
problems. However, invention of these innovations is always very limited and
vulnerable due to the nature of this particular socio-cultural formations.
Internal market is too small and as such doesn't actually need such
innovations. Technological innovations are never associated with, or caused by,
the socio-cultural tasks of space transformation
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability
6.4. Ability to
conduct wide-scale economic actions of sabotage aimed against socio-cultural
competitors
Socio-cultural
system (SCS)
Possesses the
potential ability and practical possibilities to conduct wide-scale economic
sabotage actions directed against alien socio-cultural formations. Such actions
may be brought about in a various specific forms
Socio-cultural
domain (SCD)
Possesses the
potential ability and practical possibilities to conduct economic sabotage
actions aimed against other socio-cultural formations. These actions may be
brought about in a various specific forms. Characteristically, scales of such
activity are considerably smaller compare to those of SCS-s
Socio-cultural
buffer zone
Has no such
ability as well as possibilities
Mixed
socio-cultural region
Has no such
ability as well as possibilities
* * *
Below, once
more, is the list of the unique qualities and indications of socio-cultural
systems:
·
Ability
to assimilate the new territories into own homeland, as a rule, in regard to
territories bordering with the old homeland and extended from its boundaries
for any distance;
·
Ability
to generate complicated internal structure of own space, mainly in order to
protect and defend itself from other SCS-s and as a response to respective
demands from the outside. This ability expresses itself in creating internal
buffer zones along the borders with other SCS-s;
·
Complete
cycle of the space socio-cultural assimilation. Researches reveal seven
principal periods of socio-cultural evolution, and every period may consist of
a few particular phases - subperiods and stages;
·
Inner
logic always prevail over outer factors that are only used in case of strict
correspondence with the SCS's evolution internal order. Even successful
external spatial expansions are always used for own inner purposes;
·
Ability
to create enclaves within alien regions to transform and assimilate them
socio-culturally;
·
Ability
to create naturally dependent vassals in a course of socio-cultural
transformation of other territories;
·
Ability
to conduct successive socio-cultural assimilation of alien population, by
including it into own structure together with the new territories. This ability
manifests itself during periods of creating own homeland and internal buffer
zones;
·
Ability
to generate migrations of population to socio-culturally transform alien territories
into homelands, naturally dependent vassals and enclaves within buffer zones.
In all the SCS-s, such migrations most often happen as a result of creating
"end of the World" (mass starvation, civil wars, unstable state
authorities) within traditional homelands;
·
Always
possesses own world religion or its own unique version;
·
Ability
to propagate and diffuse own version of religion outside own socio-cultural
formation for the purpose of other territories transformation. SCS promotes own
version of religion in a process of alien territories and population assimilation;
·
Ability
to widen circulation of own language outside own homeland, and first of all -
in the internal buffer zone and among the naturally dependent vassals. Such
language begins being used as a daily mean of communications that is an
important element of the process of socio-cultural assimilation of territories
and population;
·
SCS's
economy is reliable and self-sufficient. It possesses considerable internal
reserves, and contacts with other socio-cultural formations do not play
determining role in its development, though these contacts are important for
solving internal socio-cultural problems such as the neighbouring territories'
transformation and competition with alien SCS-s;
·
Possesses
the ability to generate and invent stable original economic standards and forms
which may have no analogues outside this particular SCS.
* * *
Here is the list
of the socio-cultural formations existing by the end of the XX century. They
went through some evolution and are now at the different periods of their
development. Morphology of the socio-cultural formations is described in detail
by their space-time models.
Socio-cultural
domains (examples): Armenian, Japanese, Judaic
Socio-cultural
buffer zones
We're talking
here only about external socio-cultural buffer zones located between different
SCS-s. External socio-cultural buffer zones are at present at the various
stages of their evolution and differ drastically one from another. None the
less, they are clearly defined as the formations of a specific socio-cultural
type.
Let's cut the
vast list of external buffer zones down to just two examples so that do not go
deep into extensive explanations regarding complicated structures of these
complex socio-cultural formations: 1) East-European buffer zone (Poland,
Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary); 2) North-European buffer zone (Denmark, Finland,
Sweden, Norway)
Mixed
socio-cultural regions (examples): Islands of Pacific and Indian Oceans,
South-East Asia
APPENDIX 3.
PERIODS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS' EVOLUTION
BARBARIAN-NOMADIC
SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS existence, surrounded by neighbours not
internally ready to integrate with it socio-culturally (from ancient times
until I century AD)
2.
Establishing
the buffer zone with Western SCS (I century - late IV century AD)
3.
Socio-cultural
integration of Barbarian-Nomadic and Western SCS-s. Rise of the renewed Western
SCS (late IV century - second half of the VII century AD)
4.
Creating
the buffer zones between Barbarian-Nomadic SCS and all of its neighbouring
SCS-s (from second half of the VII century until late XII century)
5.
Socio-cultural
integration of Barbarian-Nomadic SCS with all the neighbouring, accessible to
it SCS-s. Socio-cultural assimilation of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS's territory
and population into these SCS (late XII century - 1380-s)
6.
Rise
of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS residual homeland and population. Conflict of
various neighbouring SCS-s for its socio-cultural assimilation, with the
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS itself marionette participation in the process (late XIV
century - mid XX century)
7.
Establishing
the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS's residual homeland and population on the borders of
Russian and Chinese SCS-s as their external buffer zone (from second half of
the XX century and for some future)
MUSLIM
SCS
1.
Initial
sporadic colonisation of the homeland territory in the most ancient
civilisations and unknown centres of inhabitancy (XXX - VII centuries BC)
2.
Initial
spatial defining the Muslim SCS's territory and its early acquisition in the
form of Empires. Conflict with Western SCS of its second period for buffer
spaces (750-s - 330-s BC)
3.
Socio-cultural
contest in Muslim SCS. Creating the internal buffer zones on borders with
Western SCS. Assimilation of the other socio-cultural systems' population
within the Muslim territories (from 330-s BC until early VII century AD)
4.
Islam
as the product of the socio-cultural contest; unification of the Muslim territories
based on Islam. Beginning of the Muslim controlled spaces growth, and
establishing the buffer zones between Muslim SCS and all of its neighbouring
SCS-s (Western, Barbarian-Nomadic, Hindu and Black African) (early VII century
- 1258)
5.
Socio-cultural
integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Further growth of the Muslim controlled
spaces into the territories of Black African and Hindu SCS-s. Creating the
military-political vassals and buffer zones with all the neighbouring SCS-s
(1258 - early XVIII century)
6.
Conflict
for buffer spaces with various SCS-s. Loss of the military-political vassals,
and the alien socio-cultural systems' permanent presence in the Muslim
homeland. Diffusion of the Muslim communities outside the Muslim homeland
(early XVIII century - 1970-s)
7.
Liberation
of the Muslim homeland and its internal buffer zones from the alien
socio-cultural systems' permanent presence. Political-geographical
transformation of the Muslim SCS's space based on its own socio-cultural
standards. Conflict with other SCS-s for control over the external buffer zones
(from 1970-s and for some future)
CHINESE
SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Chinese population existence and Chinese SCS creation (from
legendary Hsia Dynasty 1800 - 1500 BC to Eastern Chou Dynasty 770 BC)
2.
Socio-cultural
contest for creating the most efficient socio-cultural standard for Chinese SCS
(from 770 until 221 BC - Eastern Chou Dynasty)
3.
Unification
of the Chinese SCS's territory based on the chosen socio-cultural standard.
Beginning of the homeland growth and establishing the naturally dependent
vassals (221 BC - 317 AD)
4.
Creating
the internal buffer zone on the North, new naturally dependent vassals on the
West, and new homeland on the South (317 - 1211 AD)
5.
Socio-cultural
integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Creating the internal buffer zones,
naturally dependent vassals and homeland growth on the South. Unification of
the socio-culturally transformed territories into the united state (from 1211
until 1840-s)
6.
Defining
the buffer zones' territories through conflict with various SCS-s. Military,
political and economic presence of alien socio-cultural systems in the Chinese
homeland. Beginning of the Chinese population intensive diffusion around the
World (from 1840-s until the Great Cultural Revolution)
7.
Creating
the integral internal buffer zone and liberation of the Chinese homeland from
the alien socio-cultural systems' presence. Establishing the Chinese
enclave-communities within Western SCS and the mixed socio-cultural regions (as
from the end of the Great Cultural Revolution and for some future)
WESTERN
SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Western population existence and Western SCS creation. Initial
sporadic colonisation of the homeland territory in the most ancient
civilisations (from ancient times until 770 - 750-s BC)
2.
Greek-Roman
times. Western homeland growth. Rise of the first Empires and Greek-Roman
communities outside the homeland. Establishing the buffer zone with
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS (from 770 - 750-s BC until 380-s AD)
3.
Socio-cultural
integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Transformation and further expansion of
the homeland. Creating internal buffer zones. Defining the new ideological
grounds of Western SCS, based on Roman Catholicism (from 380-s AD until the
Crusades beginning)
4.
Socio-cultural
contest in Western SCS. Transformation of the Pyrenees Muslim enclave into
internal buffer zone. Creating naturally dependent vassals in the East-European
buffer zone. Expansion outside own homeland into the mixed socio-cultural
regions (from the Crusades beginning until the discovery of America)
5.
Global
overseas colonial expansion of Western national states. Growth of the homeland
in the mixed socio-cultural regions with Western predominance (1490-s - 1918)
6.
Global
war against other socio-cultural systems headed by Russian SCS. Losing the
control over colonies. Reversion of Western population into own homeland and
its redistribution between the mixed socio-cultural regions with Western
predominance and traditional Western territories (1918 - 1990-s)
7.
Transformation
of the European homeland and stimulating further population redistribution
between the territories of old homeland and mixed socio-cultural regions with
Western predominance. Creating the American and South-Eastern (Asian) internal
and external buffer zones (from 1990-s and for some future)
RUSSIAN
SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Slavonic world existence, with undeveloped socio-cultural
differences (from ancient times until 882 AD)
2.
Period
of the socio-cultural differences defining in the Slavonic world. Early
accumulation of the Russian SCS territory and population, plus establishing the
internal and external buffer zones (from 882 until mid - late XI century)
3.
Socio-cultural
contest for creating the most efficient socio-cultural standard for Russian
SCS. Socio-cultural integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS (from late XI
century until 1572)
4.
Creating
the united Russian state, with utmost homeland, based on Moscow socio-cultural
standard (from 1572 until 1700)
5.
Imperial
program of the Russian SCS: creating naturally dependent vassals and further
homeland growth; expansion into neighbouring SCS-s as resistance to Western SCS
pressure onto these SCS-s (from 1700 until 1917)
6.
Communist
program of the Russian SCS: defining boundaries of own socio-cultural spaces
(especially internal and external buffer zones); leading the global war against
Western SCS's expansion outside its homeland (1917 - 1991/93)
7.
Nationalist
program of the Russian SCS: re-structuring own socio-cultural spaces;
maintaining balance of socio-cultural powers in the World (from late XX century
and for some future)
HINDU
SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Indian population existence; rise of the ancient Hindu
civilisations as a form of sporadic colonisation of the territory. Rise of the
Hindu SCS religious, cultural and social foundations (2500-s - 327 BC)
2.
First
contacts with Muslim SCS. Beginning of the homeland growth and establishing the
North-Western buffer zone (327 BC - 711 AD)
3.
Muslim
SCS's attacks withstanded. Creating the buffer zone on the joints with Muslim
SCS (711 - early XIII century)
4.
Muslim
SCS intervention and establishing the vassal military-political control over
the Northern and Central regions of the Hindu homeland. Further evolution of
the Hindu homeland (early XIII century - 1658)
5.
Military-political
control of the Great Britain and co-operation with it to withstand the Muslim
SCS's expansion. Adaptation of Western innovations; Hindu population diffusion
into other socio-cultural formations as a vassals of British colonists.
Creating the internal buffer zones; conflict with Muslim and Chinese SCS-s for control
over the external buffer zones (1658 - 1945)
6.
Transition
to an indirect forms of co-operation with Western SCS in the struggle against
Muslim and Chinese SCS-s. Extreme point of the conflict with Muslim SCS for
control over buffer zones. Further developing the internal buffer zones;
efforts to transform the external buffer zones into naturally dependent vassals
(from 1945 and for some future)
7.
Prognostic
stage: Retention of the indirect forms of co-operation with Western SCS to
withstand the Muslim and Chinese SCS-s' expansion. Final stages of creating the
internal and external buffer zones. Political-geographical transformation of
the Hindu homeland based on its own socio-cultural standards (more distant
future)
SOUTH-AMERICAN
SCS
1.
Initial
existence of the South-American population and sporadic colonisation of the
territory in form of the most ancient civilisations (from ancient times until
late XV century)
2.
Socio-cultural
integration with Western and Black African SCS-s. Spatial colonisation /
assimilation of the territory and creating the renewed basis for South-American
SCS (from 1490-s until the 1823 Monroe Doctrine)
3.
Establishing
the internal buffer zones and re-structuring own territory based on the
national states principles. Permanent military-political and economic presence
of Western SCS (represented by the USA) (1823 - 1918)
4.
Operative
involvement of the USA into South-American SCS's rising. Introduction of
economic, social and military innovations. Further generating the internal
buffer zones. Co-operation of South-American and Russian SCS-s in the struggle
against permanent presence of the USA (1918 - 1980-s)
5.
Liberation
of the South-American SCS homeland from military, economic and political
presence of all the alien socio-cultural systems. Creating the buffer zone with
Western SCS (in the mixed socio-cultural region with Western predominance in
North America). Operative conversion of the submitted Western economic and
social innovations (from 1980-s and for some future)
6.
Prognostic
stage: Socio-cultural contest in South-American SCS and its re-structuring
according to the own renewed socio-cultural standards (this period may last for
a 100 years and more)
7.
Prognostic
stage: Further intensive development of the South-American SCS's territory
based on its own socio-cultural standards (quite distant future)
BLACK
AFRICAN SCS
1.
Initial
period of the Black African population existence on the territory of its
homeland, at the level of clan-tribal organisation (from ancient times until IV
century AD)
2.
Beginning
of the contacts with Muslim SCS, rise of the early States; creating the
Northern and Eastern internal buffer zones (IV century - 1490-s)
3.
Beginning
of the contacts with Western SCS, creating the Western and Southern internal
buffer zones. Overseas diffusion of the Black African population and
establishing the enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations. Participation
in the evolution of South-American SCS, of its 2nd period (1490-s - 1880-s)
4.
Spatial
seizure of Black African SCS by Western SCS. Introduction of the superficial
economic, social and military innovations. Co-operation of Black African and
Russian SCS-s in the struggle against Western SCS's control over the Black
African homeland (1880-s - 1960)
5.
Liberation
of the Black African SCS homeland from military, economic and political
presence of all the alien socio-cultural systems. Operative conversion of the
submitted economic and social innovations (from 1960 and for some future)
6.
Prognostic
stage: Socio-cultural contest in Black African SCS and its re-structuring in
accordance with the own renewed socio-cultural standards (this period may last
for a 100 years and more)
7.
Prognostic
stage: Further intensive development of Black African SCS based on its own
socio-cultural standards. Establishing connections between the Black African
homeland and its overseas enclave-communities (quite distant future)
APPENDIX 4. PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS
OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS' EVOLUTION
|
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
|
Muslim SCS
|
Chinese SCS
|
Western SCS
|
Russian SCS
|
Hindu SCS
|
South-American SCS
|
Black African SCS
|
|
From ancient times until the
Christian era beginning
|
|
1.1. - from XXX
century until VII century BC
|
|
1.1. - from
ancient times until 770 - 750-s BC
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1. - from
750-s until 559 BC
|
1.1. - from 1800
- 1500-s until 770-s BC
|
2.1. - from 770
- 750-s until 500-s BC
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2. - from 559
until 330 BC
|
2.1. - from
770-s until 403 BC
|
2.2. - from
500-s until 323 BC
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.1. - from
ancient times until I century BC
|
3.1. - from 330
until 50 - 40-s BC
|
2.2. - from 403
until 221 BC
|
2.3. - from 323
until 113 BC
|
|
1.1. - from
2500-s until 320-s BC
|
|
|
|
2.1. - from I
century BC until 175 AD
|
3.2. - from 50 -
40-s BC until 175 AD
|
3.1. - from 221
BC until 25 AD
|
2.4. - from 113
BC until 175 AD
|
|
2.1. - from 327
BC until 50 AD
|
|
1.1. - from ancient
times until IV century AD
|
|
From the Christian era
beginning until VI century
|
|
2.2. - from 175
until 375
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.1. - from 375
until early V century
|
3.3. - from 175
until 380
|
3.2. from 25
until 317
|
2.5. - from 175
until 380-s
|
|
2.2. - from 50
until 320
|
|
|
|
3.2. - from
early V century until middle of the VI century
|
3.4. - from 380
until early VII century
|
4.1. - from 317
until 580-s
|
3.1. - from
380-s until middle of the VI century
|
|
2.3. - from 320
until 711
|
|
2.1. - from IV
century until IX century
|
|
From VI century until X
century
|
|
3.3. - from the
middle of the VI century until second half of the VII century
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1. - from the
second half of the VII century until IX century
|
|
|
|
1.1. - from
ancient times until 882
|
3.1. - from 711
until 999
|
|
|
|
4.2. - from IX
century until late XII century
|
4.1. - from
early VII century until 750
|
4.2. - from
580-s until early X century
|
3.2. - from the
middle of the VI century until middle - end of the X century
|
2.1. - from 882
until 988
|
3.2. - from 999
until early XIII century
|
|
2.2. - from IX
century until late XI century
|
|
X - XI - XII - XIII centuries
|
|
|
4.3. - from
early X century until 960-s
|
|
2.2. - from 988
until 1097
|
|
|
|
|
5.1. - from 1180
until 1205
|
4.2. - from
750-s until late XI century
|
4.4. - from
960-s until 1211
|
|
3.1. - from 1097
until 1169
|
|
|
|
|
5.2. - from 1205
until 1270-s
|
4.3. - from late
XI century until 1258
|
5.1. - from 1211
until 1280-s
|
4.1. - from the
middle - end of the X century until 1291
|
3.2. - from 1169
until 1237
|
|
|
|
|
5.3. - from
1270-s until 1380-s
|
5.1. - from 1258
until 1360
|
5.2. - from
1280-s until 1368
|
4.2. - from 1291
until 1490-s
|
3.3. - from 1237
until 1380-s
|
4.1. - from
early XIII century until 1340-s
|
|
2.3. - from late
XI century until 1490-s
|
|
XIV - XV centuries
|
|
|
|
|
3.4. - from
1380-s until 1478
|
|
|
|
|
6.1. - from 1380
-s until 1570-s
|
5.2. - from 1360
until 1502
|
5.3. - from 1368
until 1644
|
5.1. - from
1490-s until 1660-s
|
3.5.1 - from
1478 until 1564
|
4.2. - from
1340-s until 1526
|
1.1. - from
ancient times until 1490-s
|
3.1. - from
1490-s until 1820-s
|
|
XVI - XVII centuries
|
|
|
|
|
3.5.2. - from
1564 until 1572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1.1.- from
1572 until 1598
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1.2. - from
1598 until 1640-s
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2.1. - from
1640-s until late 1680-s
|
4.3. - from 1526
until 1658
|
2.1. - from
1490-s until 1650-s
|
|
|
6.2. - from 1570
-s until late 1650-s
|
5.3. - from 1502
until early XVIII century
|
5.4. - from 1644
until late 1760-s
|
5.2. - from
1660-s until 1760-s
|
4.2.2. - from
late 1680-s until 1700
|
5.1. - from 1658
until 1763
|
2.2. - from
1650-s until 1780-s
|
|
|
XVIII century
|
|
|
|
|
5.1.1 - from
1700 until 1756
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.1.2. - from
1756 until 1772
|
|
|
|
|
6.1. - from
early until late XVIII century
|
|
|
5.2.1. - from
1772 until 1795
|
|
|
|
|
6.3. - from
1660-s until 1800
|
6.2. - from late
XVIII until 1880-s
|
5.5. - from late
1760-s until 1840
|
5.3. - from
1760-s until 1820-s
|
5.2.2. - from
1795 until 1815
|
5.2. - from 1763
until 1818
|
2.3. - from
1780-s until 1820-s
|
|
|
XIX century
|
|
|
|
5.4.1. - from
1820-s until late 1850-s
|
5.3. - from 1815
until late 1850-s
|
|
|
|
|
6.4. - from 1801
until 1896
|
|
|
5.4.2. - from
late 1850-s until 1892
|
5.4.1. - from
late 1850-s until 1892
|
5.3. - from 1818
until 1885
|
3.1. - from
1820-s until 1870-s
|
3.2 - from
1820-s until 1880-s
|
|
6.5. - from 1896
until 1953
|
6.3. - from
1880-s until late 1940-s
|
6.1. - from 1840
until 1911
|
5.5. - from 1892
until 1918
|
5.4.2. - from
1892 until 1917
|
5.4. - from 1885
until 1945
|
3.2. - from
1870-s until 1918
|
4.1. - from
1880-s until 1940-s
|
|
XX century
|
|
|
|
|
6.1.1. - from
1917 until 1924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.1. - from 1918
until 1939
|
6.1.2. - from
1924 until 1939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.2.1. - from
1939 until May 1945
|
6.2.1. - from
1939 until May 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.2. - from 1911
until 1949
|
6.2.2. - from
May 1945 until late 1980-s
|
6.2.2. - from
May 1945 until late 1980-s
|
|
4.1. - from 1918
until 1945
|
4.2. - from
1940-s until 1960
|
|
6.4. - from late
1940-s until late 1970-s
|
6.3. - from 1949
until second half of the 1960-s
|
6.2.3. - from
late 1980-s until late 1990-s
|
6.2.3. - from
late 1980-s until late 1990-s
|
6.1. - from 1945
until 1974
|
4.2. - from 1945
until 1980-s
|
5.1. - from 1960
until late 1980-s
|
|
7.1. - from 1953
and for some future
|
7.1. - from late
1970-s and for some future
|
7.1. - from the
second half of the 1960-s and for some future
|
7.1. - from late
1990-s and for some future
|
7.1. - from late
1990-s and for some future
|
6.2. - from 1974
and for some future
|
5.1. - from
1980-s and for some future
|
5.2. - from late
1980-s and for sone future
|
|
XXI century
|
Subperiod 7.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 7.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 7.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 7.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 7.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 6.2.
continues
|
Subperiod 5.1.
continues
|
Subperiod 5.2.
continues
|
|
total
number of subperiods in the SCS-s
evolution
|
|
17
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
17
|
15
|
9
|
10
|
GENERAL TABLE OF PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS
IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS’ EVOLUTION
|
PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS
|
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
|
Muslim SCS
|
Chinese
SCS
|
Western SCS
|
Russian
SCS
|
Hindu
SCS
|
South-American SCS
|
Black
African SCS
|
Average
number of subperiods within a
period
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
5
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
2.75
|
|
3
|
3
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
5
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2.75
|
|
4
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
2.5
|
|
5
|
3
|
3
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
4
|
unknown for the time being
|
unknown for the time being
|
4
|
|
6
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
unknown for the time being
|
prognosis
|
prognosis
|
3.2
|
|
7
|
unknown for the time being
|
unknown for the time being
|
unknown for the time being
|
unknown for the time being
|
unknown for the time being
|
Prognosis
|
prognosis
|
prognosis
|
unknown for the time being
|
|
Number of completed
subperiods in the SCS’ evolution
|
17
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
17
|
15
|
9
|
10
|
Total
122
|
|
Number of completed subperiods
by the time when 7.1. begins
|
17
|
18
|
18
|
18
|
17
|
Prognosis
17 - 18
|
Prognosis
17 - 18
17 - 18
|
Prognosis
139 - 142
|
APPENDIX 5. GENERAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF
SPACE ASSIMILATION WITHIN SCS
THE LEGEND
Examined
socio-cultural system
Other (six)
socio-cultural systems that are not analyzed in detail in this model, but
follow the similar path in a process of creating their own spaces (only
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS represents an exception)
Stable enclaves
within boundary areas (on the joints of SCS with external buffer zone)
Demarcating
socio-cultural formations of an enclave type
within internal
buffer zone
SCS's homeland
SCS's internal
buffer zone
SCS's boundary
areas during its expansion
Directions of the
socio-cultural colonization / assimilation and space control expansion
Appendix 7.
Process of the socio-cultural assimilation of Crimea:
Atlas of space-time models (kartoids)
The Legend
Mountainous
areas
Rivers
CRIMEA AS MIXED SOCIO-CULTURAL REGION
Combination of
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS in the inland regions and Western SCS in the coastal
regions
Domination of
Muslim SCS represented by Crimean Khanate as vassal of the Ottoman Empire
Domination of
Russian SCS
Crimea as
socio-cultural enclave of Russian SCS
ASIA MINOR AS EXTERNAL SOCIO-CULTURAL BUFFER ZONE
Asia Minor as
external buffer zone at the early stages of its evolution
Asia Minor as
external buffer zone under control of Western SCS at times of Roman Empire
Asia Minor as
external buffer zone under control of Western SCS
Asia Minor as
external buffer zone under control of Muslim SCS
CRIMEAN SEA-COASTS
Crimean sea-coasts
under control of Western SCS
Crimean sea-coasts
under control of Byzantine Empire
Crimean sea-coasts
under control of Muslim SCS
Crimean sea-coasts
under control of Russian SCS
Crimean sea-coasts
under control of Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
CRIMEAN CITIES
Greek
ports-enclaves on the Black Sea coasts
Ports-enclaves
under control of Byzantine Empire
Ports under
control of Muslim SCS
Ports under
control of Russian SCS
Crimean cities
& towns established under the Russian rule
Crimean cities
& towns demonstrated special qualities during wars
FLOWS OF COLONIZATION,
MUTUAL SOCIO-CULTURAL LINKS AND
WARS
Connections /
links within Barbarian-Nomadic SCS
Migrations within
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS at times of its integration with Western or Russian SCS-s
Flows
of Western colonization
Mutual
links / connections of Western cities-enclaves with their homeland
Mutual links of
cities-enclaves in Crimea with Asia Minor as external buffer zone
Directions of
diffusion and socio-cultural "processing" / transformations of the
territories of and by the Russian SCS
Military conflicts
between Polish-Lithuanian state and Crimean Khanate
Military-political
domination of the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea basin and neighboring regions
Actions of the
Crimean Khanate as a relic form of State against its Northern neighbors
Military / war
actions
Destruction in
Crimea caused by wars
Economic
destruction of Crimea
STATES & CONDITIONS OF
BARBARIAN-NOMADIC SCS
Barbarian-Nomadic
SCS during processes of assimilation
Areas of the
Barbarian-Nomadic SCS dissemination
Areas of the
Crimean Khanate's spatial control
MIGRATIONS
Migrations of
Russian population from the homeland of Russian SCS
Migrations of
German colonists from Western SCS
Emigrations from
and return to Crimea of Turkic population
"Mixing
" the population as a
result of wars
"Mixing
" the population as a
result of civil war of 1918/21
Establishing
economic and socio-cultural links / connections with Russian SCS
NUMERICAL SYMBOLS: THE MOST IMPORTANT RIVERS
1 – Danube
2 – Dnieper
3 – Don
4 - Kuban
APPENDIX
9.
Comparative
analysis
of the European
and Asia Minor external buffer zones' evolution
We've performed comparative
analysis of the European and Asia Minor external buffer zones' evolution. The
result of the analysis - atlas of the computer generated space-time models
(kartoids) that reflects the logic of this space evolution. Geopolitical
problems of the region and its conflicts appear as particular consequences of
the general evolution. Suggested system of the computer generated space-time
models creates a principally new foundation for further geopolitical processes'
forecasting / prognosis.
The atlas is now available on http://www.geography.net.ru. It
is not unfortunately possible to reproduce it here due to its really big
volume. More information on atlas / CD may be found on
http://www.ccssu.crimea.ua/homes/emp/ndv/
The atlas serves as a foundation for forecasting
geopolitical processes in the entire European external buffer zone. It also reflects
and correctly explains the processes in the Balkans, the essence and state of
the current crisis there. We insist that these processes don't possess chaotic
geopolitical character, but are consequences of the regular evolution of the
region.
Some results of such analysis are presented in the
papers of my colleague - Tatiana Nikolaenko.
Here is just the periodization for all the European
external buffer zone's socio-cultural regions and Asia Minor.
Asia
Minor as external buffer zone. General description
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up to VIII century BC.
Subperiod N 2.
From VIII century
BC until 327 BC.
Subperiod N 3.
From 327 until
180-s BC.
Subperiod N 4.
From 180-s BC
until 110 AD.
Subperiod N 5.
From 110 until 380
AD.
Subperiod N 6.
From 380 until
610.
Subperiod N 7.
From 610 until
870-s.
Subperiod N 8.
From 870-s until
early XI century.
Subperiod N 9.
From early XI
century until late XIII century.
Subperiod N 10.
From second half
of the XIII century until 1453.
Subperiod N 11.
From 1453 until
1680-s.
Subperiod N 12.
From 1680-s until
1770-s.
Subperiod N 13.
From 1770-s until
1856.
Subperiod N 14.
From 1856 until
1908.
Subperiod N 15.
From 1908 until
1980-s.
Subperiod N 16.
From late 1980-s
and for some future.
Subperiod N 17.
Prognosis: more
distant future
European
external buffer zone. General analysis
Subperiod 1.
As from ancient
times up until 113 BC
Subperiod 2.
From 113 BC until
110 AD
Subperiod 3.
From 110 until 380
Subperiod 4.
From 380-s until
mid VI century
Subperiod 5.
From mid VI
century until mid VIII century
Subperiod 6.
From mid VIII
century until late X century
Subperiod 7.
From late X
century until 1241
Subperiod 8.
From 1241 until
1380
Subperiod 9.
From 1380 until
1570-s
Subperiod 10.
From 1570-s until
1700
Subperiod 11.
From 1700 until
1772
Subperiod 12.
From 1772 until
1831
Subperiod 13.
From 1832 until
1870
Subperiod 14.
From 1871 until
1917
Subperiod 15.
From 1917 until
1945
Subperiod 16.
From 1945 until
late 1980-s
Subperiod 17.
From late 1980-s
and for some future
Cycle 5.
Subperiods 18 - 19 - 20. Prognosis
Finnish
region
Stage 1-1.
As from ancient
times up until early IX century
Stage 1-2.
From early IX
century until early XIII century
Stage 2-1.
From early XIII
century until late XVI century
Stage 2-2.
From late XVI
century until late XVII century
Stage 2-3.
From late XVII
century until 1721
Subperiod N 3.
From 1721 until
early XIX century
Subperiod N 4.
From early XIX
century until 1917
Stage 5-1.
From 1917 until
1920
Stage 5-2.
From 1920 until
1939
Stage 5-3.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 5-4.
From 1945 until
1991
Subperiod N 6.
From 1991 and for
some future
Norwegian
- Swedish - Danish region
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up until late VIII century AD
Subperiod N 2.
From late VIII
century until early XI century
Subperiod N 3.
From early XI
century until early - mid XIII century
Subperiod N 4.
From early - mid
XIII century until 1471
Subperiod N 5.
From 1471 until
late XVII century
Subperiod N 6.
From late XVII
century until early XIX century
Subperiod N 7.
From early XIX
century until early XX century
Stage 8-1.
From early XX
century until 1920
Stage 8-2.
From 1920 until
1939
Stage 8-3.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 8-4.
From 1945 until
1991
Subperiod N 9.
From late XX
century and for some future
Latvian
- Estonian region
Stage 1-1.
As from ancient
times up until early VIII century AD
Stage 1-2.
From early VIII
century until early XIII century
Stage 2-1.
From early XIII
century until 1370
Stage 2-2.
From 1370 until
1570-s
Stage 3-1.
From 1570-s until
1580-s
Stage 3-2.
From 1580-s until
1700
Stage 3-3.
From 1700 until
1721
Subperiod N 4.
From 1721 until
1914
Stage 5-1.
From 1914 until
1920
Stage 5-2.
From 1920 until
1939
Stage 5-3.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 5-4.
From 1945 until
1991
Subperiod N 6.
From 1991 and for
some future
Lithuanian
region
Stage 1-1.
As from ancient
times up until early VIII century AD
Stage 1-2.
From early VIII
century until early XI century
Stage 1-3.
From early XI
century until mid XIII century
Subperiod N 2.
From mid XIII
century until 1386
Subperiod N 3.
From 1386 until
1462
Stage 4-1.
From 1462 until
1569
Stage 4-2.
From 1569 until
1650-s
Stage 4-3.
From 1650-s until
1795
Stage 5-1.
From 1795 until
1831
Stage 5-2.
From 1831 until
1861
Stage 5-3.
From 1861 until
1914
Stage 5-4.
From 1914 until
1920
Stage 6-1.
From 1920 until
1939
Stage 6-2.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 6-3.
From 1945 until
1991
Stage 7-1.
From 1991 and for
some future
Polish
region
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up until VIII century AD
Subperiod N 2.
From VIII century
until 966
Subperiod N 3.
From 966 until
1241
Subperiod N 4.
From 1241 until
1386
Subperiod N 5.
From 1386 until
1570-s
Subperiod N 6.
From 1570-s until
1667
Subperiod N 7.
From 1667 until
1772
Subperiod N 8.
From 1772 until
1831
Subperiod N 9.
From 1831 until
1918
Stage 9-1.
From 1831 until
1861
Stage 9-2.
From 1861 until
1914
Stage 9-3.
From 1914 until
1918
Subperiod N 10.
From 1918 until
1980-s
Stage 10-1.
From 1918 until
1921
Stage 10-2.
From 1921 until
1939
Stage 10-3.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 10-4.
From 1945 until
1980-s
Subperiod N 11.
From 1980-s and
for some future
Czech-Slovakian
region
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up until VIII century AD
Subperiod N 2.
From VIII century
until late X century
Subperiod N 3.
From late X
century until 1241
Subperiod N 4.
From 1241 until
1380-s
Subperiod N 5.
From 1380-s until
1485
From 1485 until
1648
Subperiod N 7.
From 1648 until
1848
Subperiod N 8.
From 1848 until
1914
Stage 9-1.
From 1914 until
1919
Stage 9-2.
From 1919 until
1938
Stage 9-3.
From 1938 until
1945
Stage 9-4.
From 1945 until
1968
Stage 9-5.
From 1968 until
1980-s
Subperiod N 10.
From 1980-s and
for some future
Hungarian
region
Stage 1-1.
As from ancient
times up until mid VI century AD
Stage 1-2.
From mid VI
century until late VIII century
Subperiod N 2.
From late VIII
century until early XI century
Subperiod N 3.
From early XI
century until 1241
Subperiod N 4.
From 1241 until
1380-s
Subperiod N 5.
From 1380-s until
1541
Subperiod N 6.
From 1541 until
late XVII century
Subperiod N 7.
From late XVII
century until late XVIII century
Subperiod N 8.
From late XVIII
century until 1830
Subperiod N 9.
From 1830 until
1917
Stage 9-2.
From 1848 until
1867
Stage 9-3.
From 1867 until
1914
Stage 9-4.
From 1914 until
1918
Subperiod N 10.
From 1918 until
late 1980-s
Stage 10-1.
From 1918 until
1920
Stage 10-2.
From 1920 until
1939
Stage 10-3.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 10-4.
From 1945 until
1980-s
Subperiod N 11.
From late 1980-s
and for some future
Romanian
- Bulgarian - Moldavian region
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up until AD
Subperiod N 2.
AD until 370-s
Subperiod N 3.
From 370-s until
late VII century
Subperiod N 4.
From late VII
century until late X century
Subperiod N 5.
From late X
century until late XIV century
Subperiod N 6.
From late XIV
century until 1480-s
Subperiod N 7.
From 1480-s until
1774
Subperiod N 8.
From
mid 1770-s until 1878
Subperiod N 9.
From 1878 until
early XX century
Stage 10-1.
From 1908 until
1914
Stage 10-2.
From 1914 until
1918
Stage 10-3.
From 1918 until
1940
Stage 10-4.
From 1940 until
1945
Stage 10-5.
From 1945 until
late 1980-s
Subperiod N 11.
From late 1980-s
and for some future
Balkan
region
Subperiod N 1.
As from ancient
times up until mid II century BC
Subperiod N 2.
From II century BC
until 370-s AD
Subperiod N 3.
From 370-s until
early IX century
Subperiod N 4.
From early IX
century until late XII century
Subperiod N 5.
From
late XII century until late XIV century
Subperiod N 6.
From late XIV
century until late XVII century
Subperiod N 7.
From late XVII
century until 1870-s
Subperiod N 8.
From 1870-s until
early XX century
Stage 9-1.
From 1908 until
1913
Stage 9-2.
From 1914 until
1918
Stage 9-3.
From 1918 until
1939
Stage 9-4.
From 1939 until
1945
Stage 9-5.
From 1945 until
1980-s
Subperiod N 10.
From late 1980-s and for
some future
3. One of the most
essential points here is existence of clear correlation in evolution of the
European external buffer zone and Asia Minor as external buffer zone. No
detailed description of all these correlations here - only combined general
tables.
CHRONOLOGY OF EVOLUTION:
EUROPEAN EXTERNAL BUFFER ZONE
|
Cycle
|
Subperiod
|
Dates
|
Duration of a subperiod
(years)
|
Average
duration of subperiods within
a cycle
(years)
|
Duration of a cycle
(years)
|
|
Cycle #1
|
1 (1.1)
|
From ancient
times until 113 BC
|
Indefinite
|
Around 218 years
(without 1st subperiod)
|
As far as it's
known, around 650 years
|
|
2 (1.2)
|
From 113 BC
until 110 AD
|
223
|
|
3 (1.3)
|
From 110 until
380-s
|
270
|
|
4 (1.4)
|
From 380-s until
mid VI century
|
Around 160
|
|
Cycle #2
|
5 (2.1)
|
From mid VI
century until mid VIII century
|
200
|
Around 207 years
|
Around 830 years
|
|
6 (2.2)
|
From mid VIII
century until late X century
|
230
|
|
7 (2.3)
|
From late X
century until 1241
|
260
|
|
8 (2.4)
|
From 1241 until
1380
|
139
|
|
Cycle #3
|
9 (3.1)
|
From 1380 until
1570-s
|
190
|
Around 113 years
|
Around 450 years
|
|
10 (3.2)
|
From 1570-s
until 1700
|
130
|
|
11 (3.3)
|
From 1700 until
1772
|
72
|
|
12 (3.4)
|
From 1772 until
1831
|
59
|
|
Cycle #4
|
13 (4.1)
|
From 1832 until
1870
|
38
|
Around 39 years
|
Around 156 years
|
|
14 (4.2)
|
From 1871 until
1917
|
46
|
|
15 (4.3)
|
From 1917 until
1945
|
28
|
|
16 (4.4)
|
From 1945 until
late 1980-s
|
44
|
|
Cycle #5
|
17 (5.1)
|
Is still
going on currently
|
-
|
Current
cycle
|
Current
cycle
|
|
18
19
20
|
Prognosis
|
-
|
|
Described duration of the
buffer zone evolution
- around 2100 years
|
CHRONOLOGY OF EVOLUTION:
ASIA MINOR AS EXTERNAL BUFFER ZONE
|
Cycle
|
Subperiod
|
Dates
|
Duration of a subperiod
(years)
|
Average
duration of subperiods within
a cycle
(years)
|
Duration of a cycle
(years)
|
|
Cycle #1
|
1 (1.1)
|
From ancient
times until VIII century BC
|
Indefinite
|
Around 303 years
(without 1st subperiod)
|
As far as it's
known, around 910 year
|
|
2 (1.2)
|
From VIII
century BC until 327 BC
|
473
|
|
3 (1.3)
|
From 327 until
180 BC
|
147
|
|
4 (1.4)
|
From 180 BC
until 110 AD
|
290
|
|
Cycle #2
|
5 (2.1)
|
From 110 AD
until 380
|
270
|
Around 228 years
|
Around 910 years
|
|
6 (2.2)
|
From 380 until
610
|
230
|
|
7 (2.3)
|
From 610 until
870-s
|
260
|
|
8 (2.4)
|
From 870-s until
early XI century
|
Around 150
|
|
Cycle #3
|
9 (3.1)
|
From early XI
century until late XIII century
|
260
|
Around 187 years
|
Around 750 years
|
|
10 (3.2)
|
From late XIII
century until 1453
|
Around 170
|
|
11 (3.3)
|
From 1453 until
1680-s
|
227
|
|
12 (3.4)
|
From 1680-s
until 1770-s
|
Around 90
|
|
Cycle #4
|
13 (4.1)
|
From 1770-s
until 1856
|
86
|
Current cycle.
As per three completed subperiods - 70 years
|
Current cycle.
As per three completed subperiods - around 210 years
|
|
14 (4.2)
|
From 1856 until
1908
|
52
|
|
15 (4.3)
|
From 1908 until
1980-s
|
72
|
|
16 (4.4)
|
From 1980-s
and for some future - is still going on currently
|
-
|
|
Cycle #5
|
17 (5.1)
18 (5.2)
19 (5.3)
20 (5.4)
|
Prognosis
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Described duration of the
buffer zone evolution
- around 2800 years
|