Characteristics of special self-defense tactics and their application
Content
Introduction 1. The concept of special tools and equipment 2. Classification of special self-defense
.1 Active defense
.2 Personal protection 3. Legal basis using special tools and equipment in the exercise of self-defense of references
Introduction
my chosen course work "Characteristics of special self-defense tactics and their application." and technical progress present carries both positive and negative changes. Developing and improving the knowledge and the technical means by which committed the offense, and therefore developing and improving knowledge and technical means for their prevention and elimination. , the problem of ensuring the safety of citizens, police officers and public safety appears quite relevant, among other issues of life. equipment - a collection of hardware, special devices, materials and related tactics used in strict compliance with law in the course of operational performance measures for the prevention and detection of crimes, public order and protection of individual institutions. protective equipment - a combination of hardware, special devices, materials and related tactics used in strict compliance with the law during the implementation of measures to ensure personal protection, preservation of their health and life. goal of my work is to investigate and clarify the meaning of the special security equipment for police officer, classify and describe the types of possible remedies that are used for self-defense.
Chapter 1. The concept of special tools and equipment
equipment - a collection of hardware, special devices, materials and related tactics used in strict compliance with law in the course of operational performance measures for the prevention and detection of crimes, public order and protection of individual institutions. of technical means in the work of the Interior has the following trends:
. I get ready made and taken into service hardware that fit the law enforcement agencies for tactical and technical characteristics. of such tools include certain motor vehicles, standard equipment wired and wireless communication, opto-mechanical devices monitoring, measuring instruments, photographic and video equipment, computer and other equipment.
. Technical means are purchased in finished form, structurally modified or supplemented in order to adapt them to specific tasks and conditions of Internal Affairs. example, avtomotozasoby, equipped with radios, means strengthening language means masking and remote control for different cameras and camcorders, personal computers, on which created workstations for staff operational and investigative units ATS.
. Development and production of hardware made specifically for police with the most complete view of the specific tasks and working conditions of these bodies. measures taken by the leadership MIA arsenal specially made for police hardware has grown considerably. These primarily include operational communications equipment, burglar alarm equipment, means of traffic control, mass search technology, plant protection personnel and others. with the tasks of technical arms of the Interior newest types of technology to the fore the problem of development based on the requirements of the law and best practices of police departments on organization, methods and tactics application of appropriate technical means. methodical and tactical basics of using technology in law enforcement agencies include:
Measures to provide logistics, maintenance and readiness to use technical means (definition attendance requirements and order supplies equipment nyrishennya regular issues of maintenance, repair and copying technology, moral and material incentives for employees and others.)
Defining the duties and rights of the heads of services and different levels and other employees of the organization and the use of direct use technology;
Setting of forms and methods of participation engineers and technical workers, forensic experts and other professionals in the events associated with the use of special equipment;
Typical choices of organizational forms and tactics application of certain types of equipment, and especially the integrated use of the different tools that are designed with the peculiarities of agencies and institutions at various levels, as well as on the operational situation and the specific operational performance measures and investigations;
Search for new forms and methods of use of technical equipment in conjunction with existing forces, means and methods of operational performance;
Improvement of existing and creation of new means of special equipment, regulations and guidelines for their use;
The collection, compilation and analysis of information on the use of technical equipment in the law enforcement activities of other states. term special equipment is included, as is evident, not only hardware and instrumentation, but also relevant tactical techniques, which also has its own features, for example, how the use of active defense in the protection of public order. hardware can be classified according to the investigative, operational and administrative activities rozshukovoyita police. the investigation of crimes means of special equipment used publicly for collecting and research evidence. Methods and techniques for the application of these tools are developed criminology. These technical tools, instruments and techniques encompassed by the term "forensic engineering". Application of forensic techniques regulated by the Criminal Procedure Act. [7, c.8-11] operational activities special technique is used to prevent and solve crimes and wanted criminals, and used it mostly behind the scenes. This set of special equipment, tools and techniques under the name "operative technique." Application of this technique is governed by the laws of Ukraine "On Police", "On Operational Activities", the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, as well as some bylaws. the administrative activities of the Interior technique used publicly. Technical facilities, equipment and methods of their use are developed or adapted depending vidnapryamku administrative activities of the Interior and the purpose of their use. The special technical means used in the administration of the internal affairs and tools include office equipment, special vehicles, equipment protection, traffic control equipment and others. The application of this technology is regulated, usually rules of administrative law. some hardware has universal: the same hardware can be used in all major areas of the Interior. This applies, for example, radio facilities, photos and video, recording devices, search engine technology. This fact is of practical importance and should be considered when creating new equipment while organizing the logistics of the Interior, as well as in the organization of work on the use of the same types of technology workers of various sectoral services. activities of the Interior provided technical facilities management. These include communication, strengthening language Rigging labor, computers and so on. of Internal Affairs may be vowel or silent. vowels forms of ATS include: prevention, inquisitorial, investigative, administrative, legal, security.
Covert form is mainly operational-search activity. on which form is used equipment - in vowels or tacitly, different approaches require the organization and tactics, to regulate the use of certain funds. of applying special techniques are very diverse. In general, they represent a combination of techniques, tactical and technical operations to ensure rapid and complete achievement of this goal in different conditions of operational and service measures or investigation. During their preparation and implementation usually takes into account all the tactical and technical capabilities and experience positive use of a vehicle in similar conditions. must be made clear, because otherwise it could adversely affect the implementation of the basic problem. Therefore, we recommend carrying out preliminary experiments, training in conditions similar to those expected at the time of the planned measures. For example, when using portable radios to transmit conventional signals of active defense and personal protection, photo and video. Sometimes the appropriate methods to work out in detail in advance integrated application of special equipment by conducting tactical exercises and games using the method of modeling a particular situation. In particular, the testing can be carried out during the preparation of ambushes and arrest armed criminals at night, when you can use in the dark vision devices, radios, means of active defense and personal protection alarm devices and other special techniques. means of special equipment that differ constructive complexity and peculiarities of their operation, should be used in consultation with a specialist forensic units or operational and technical management (staff of this) or direct their participation. This is necessary in case of equipment sound and video, search devices and others. , the question of methods to use a special technique closely related to organizational arrangements that provide the best conditions for the use of technology and use it to get the relevant results. analysis of the practices of departments and services of the Interior show that the high efficiency of their work is achieved with the use of special equipment. Successful completion of many tasks undertaken by patrol officers, traffic through the protection of public order, it would be simply impossible without the widespread use of communications equipment, vehicles, and other speech enhancement technique. [7, c.14] great importance in the fight against crime with means and methods of operational and forensic techniques. In particular this applies to providing high quality reviews in place of the offense, receiving input data the offender, identifying evidence, solve crimes through technical means. , part of the special equipment includes tools radio and wire communication, speech enhancement, special tools and equipment alarms, sound and video-equipment, search appliances, visual detection, special chemicals operative capture and daktyloskopuvannya. special purpose is to:
Creating conditions conducive to the prevention of crime. , the use of the alarm to record illegal entry to the objects that are protected, and promptly take action to apprehend the offenders and the use of available records makes it possible to determine the number of people involved in certain types of crimes;
Facilitating the disclosure of crimes committed. example, the use of search equipment ensures high quality of the inspection of the crime, facilitates the identification of evidence during searches;
Creating opportunities obtaining reliable information about the persons involved in the preparation or commission of crimes. shows that through a series of operational and technical means to quickly and reliably obtain and record information about specific individuals who conceive or prepared crimes, and then take steps to prevent them. Examples of such tools can be instruments sound and video recording, observation devices and others;
Stopping group violations of public order and hooliganism. can be achieved through the use of special means of protection of personnel and special operations;
Identifying the causes of crime and the conditions conducive to the commission. aids to quickly and fully analyze the state of the situation, to handle data on the causes and conditions that contribute to the commission of certain crimes. The results of the analysis, processing relevant information make it possible to detect and predict such patterns, trends, given that you can take the most appropriate and effective action to prevent certain offenses. conditions apply when was used and did not give the desired results all other forms of actions that have been applied before. Namely:
) to protect citizens and protect themselves from militia attacks and other acts that endanger their life or health;
) to stop the riots and group violations of public order;
) to repel the attack on the building, premises, facilities, vehicles, regardless of their origin or their release in case of capture;
) for the apprehension and bringing people to the police if they resist police officers or if there is reason to believe that they can escape or harm others or yourself;
) to stop mass land seizures and other actions that may lead to a conflict groups, as well as: acts that paralyze transport jobs, livelihoods settlements encroach upon the public peace, life and health;
) to stop resisting police officers and other persons performing services or public duties to protect public ^ order and combat crime;
) for the release of hostages. not use special devices:
. In women with obvious signs of pregnancy, the elderly with signs of disability and minors, unless they commit a group attack that really threatens the life and health of people, police or armed attack armed resistance.
. In premises and land plots reserved for diplomatic, consular and other representatives of foreign states.
. In areas related to the production of explosive or flammable substances in children's and medical institutions. tools are used to protect police personnel and citizens during public order and in the performance of official duties, are divided into:
. Active defense.
. Personal protection equipment.
. Means of Special Operations.
. Devices to open the premises occupied offenders. first two groups of special equipment directly intended to protect police personnel. The third and fourth - are used during special operations that are associated with the detention of armed criminals termination in accordance with applicable law (Article 14 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Police"), riots and other manifestations of public disorder. [7, c.33]
Chapter 2. Classification of special means of self-defense
.1 Active defense
defense to protect citizens and police officers, actively influencing the offenders to stop their actions. In this sense, expressed by means of protection include special-purpose weapon or "non-lethal weapons." to Art. 12 of the Law of Ukraine "On Police", they are used only if other methods do not provide the performance of the duties of policemen. This group of special equipment include:
Gas grenades, cartridges and pistols and revolvers for shooting cartridges equipped with tear gas and rubber or similar characteristics missiles non-lethal;
Rubber batons;
Handcuffs;
Stun devices. grenades, cartridges and guns shooting bullets, filled with tear gas and rubber or similar characteristics missiles non-lethal. grenades, hand or in the form of bullets, tear-filled substance and are called "Cheremukha" (Russia), "Intermediate" (Ukraine) and "Sirens" (Russia). The degree of damage depends on the degree of concentration of the substance in the vehicle. For example, for "Cheremukha" there are three degrees of concentration: threshold (significant), obnoxious, dangerous. Last degree of concentration often created on the premises. The person who was in the area of the tear substance almost instantly deprived of the opportunity to lead active, purposeful actions. After leaving the area of substance within 10-15 minutes of all manifestations of lesions disappear. In the field "Cheremukha" did not significantly affect the eyes of animals (dogs). You must also consider the fact that the effective defeat of offenders who are under the influence of alcohol or high degree of psychological arousal to increase the degree of concentration of tear matter. Ukraine used gas grenades "Teren-6" and "ter-BM" - devices instant spray aerosol irytantu (IPC + CS). These special tools police use to ensure that the special actions by temporarily suppressing psyhovolovoyi stability offenders affecting organs of vision and breath spray irytantu. The device "Teren-6" is used to throwing hand, and "ter-BM" vidstrilyuyetsya by nastvolnoyi mortyrky with submachine gun or rocket launcher "Fort-500." Time wrapped-tion - 3,5 ± 1 s. Volume cloud irytantu - 120-150 m3. Minimum distance using -2 m Its mass in running form is 180 g [8, c.36] armed with the MIA of Ukraine is pump-action shotgun 12 caliber "Fort 500" domestic production. This rifle weighing 3.5 kg with the sighting range of up to 100 meters can be equipped with an example or pistol grip. Supplied guns are nozzles for firing bullets, buckshot and shot, and to use non-lethal weapons, special ammo and grenades and tear of substances irritant action. Russia, armed with grenades are "Cheremukha" and "Siren" outfit active substance CN. cylinders - affordable, reliable and most effective weapon we have gas. Many experts believe that in its impact on humans are significantly more effective than existing gas pistols and revolvers. substance in the cartridge pistol or revolver is a powder, and when a shot under the influence of powder gases, temperature and pressure into a gas cloud at a distance of three meters. Substance in cans of any application is in the liquid state and during contact with a person or towards action begins to evaporate and provides much more astounding impact. As for gas cylinders are also more profitable.
"Intermediate-4M" gas cylinders, designed to stop illegal actions of the offender resistance by influencing the organs of sight and breath spray irytantu (IPC + CS) with not less than 0.4 m within a radius of 2 m Weight - up to 73 g similar appointment with gas cylinders "Cobra-1", "1S Cobra," "Cobra-1S-1" Bearing ALHOHEN active substance (CII). Effective range: "Cobra-1" (aerosol) - up to 2 m, "1S Cobra" (inkjet) - up to 7 m, "Cobra-1S-1" (inkjet with dye) - up to 7 m Continuous spraying - 10-12 sec. remedy, according to departmental standards JMA 78-19-001:2007 "pistols, revolvers, and other short-barreled device non-lethal", approved by the Ministry of Ukraine of 29.09.2007 № 325, is non-lethal weapons - pistols, revolvers and Short-other devices equipped with gas cartridges and cartridges equipped with elastic non-lethal action. . Modern gas pistols, as well as those that are designed to fire cartridges equipped with non-lethal actions attributed to individual automatic weapons, ammunition to the chamber which served alternately with box store. The design of this weapon provides maintenance and manage it during the shooting with one hand. Weight of gun (revolver) without cartridges should not exceed 1.0 kg, and the trigger mechanism should ensure efforts on the trigger in the range from 9.8 N to 29.4 N (from 1.0 kg to 3.0 kg) in position Consolidated chicken. gas pistols produced today - automatic - recharge and prepare for the next shot made at the expense of energy of powder gases after the first shot. In this way, the role of the shooter when firing a gun is limited to sight and consistent pressing the trigger. Automatic operation mechanisms recharge, mixing trigger during each shot, quick change shop provide this greater rate of pistols than revolvers. . Revolver (from the English word "revolve" - spinning) - is an individual multiply nonautomatic firearms, whose main feature - the presence of the drum kamoramy (MS), which simultaneously serves as tanks and ammunition, chamber and barrel revolver. Can also be block shafts, rotating. Rotate the drum (and feed next matron of the chamber) carries himself gunner by pressing the trigger. essential feature of revolvers is that after spending all cartridges cartridge cases remain in the drum. This creates a problem for their removal, which is solved or alternate extraction cartridges using the cleaning rod or other suitable object, or the simultaneous removal by the "stars", located in the drum. In this case, the drum is rejected with a frame to the right or left hand shooter presses on the head of the rod that passes through the axis of the drum is connected to the core extractor in a "star" and removes cartridge cases from the drum. the revolver again, can be done either alternately or simultaneously using different assistive devices. But in any case the process of reloading revolver takes much longer than a pistol. pistols and revolvers, in principle, an ordinary firearm, striking the enemy is not a bullet and tear gas stream. common feature that distinguishes gas pistols and revolvers of military weapons, is the presence of a lens barrel that during the shot passes gas flow, but holds the ball. , ammunition cans and gas pistols and revolvers sporyadzhayutsya usually two types of compounds: CS (ортохлорбензолмолонодінітріл) which combines the effect of suffocating tear, and CN (hloratsetofenon), which gives tear effect and has a characteristic odor Cheremukha. activation product (grenades, cartridges, ammunition) is the following: tear substance that is in the crystalline state inside the cartridge or grenades, transferred to a gaseous state (sublimated) by the heat of the charge that burns. Gaseous active material that is ejected from the cartridge (grenades), takes the form of clouds, which also does damaging effect. it is expedient to characterize gas cartridges for pistols and revolvers. According to international conventions, cartridges for gas pistols and revolvers are color coded. Yes, wad cartridge, loaded substance CS, has yellow and equipped substance CN - blue, purple or white (depending on concentration). Noise (starter) with ammunition wad of green. The contents of gas canisters, usually reported in plain text, deposited on their surface. addition to the above, in aerosol containers and mechanical sprayer can be used oleorezin kapsikum (OS) and morfolid pelargonic acid. Substance OS is a 5-6% solution kapsoitsynu (the most irritating component of some varieties of red and green pepper, obtained by extraction from natural raw materials) in a neutral oil. Kapsoitsyn pain has a strong effect on the eyes, facial skin, respiratory system and causes painful cough. The effectiveness of it almost does not decrease when exposed to people who are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In addition, kapsoitsyn good scare dogs. Morfolid pelargonic acid (BETWEEN) represents one of the most effective synthetic analogues kapsoitsynu, virtually conceding natural product. He filled gas cylinders "Intermediate-1", "Intermediate-4," Teren ^ M "and fired bullets" Teren-3 "domestic production. Recently, gas cans used substance alhohen (CR, dibenzoksazepin) - tear irritating substance. On the basis of aerosols produced "Cobra". In Ukraine, the development of this type of active defense began a few years earlier than in Russia. State Scientific Production Enterprise "Environmentalist" at the beginning of 90-ies of the last century began producing gas canisters "thistle." However, the PNP "Environmentalist" continues to work in this direction. Together with specialists DNDIMVS Ukraine they are constantly improving their products. , the main manufacturer and supplier of gas weapons to the CIS countries is Germany. Most of these products has a serious drawback - the deterioration parameters at low temperatures, up to a total loss of capacity aerosol packaging. So we should give preference to gas cylinders Ukrainian or Russian origin. [10, c.17] the full range of the proposed gas compact arms produced in Russia, causing gas cylinders interest company "Tehkrym": "Cobra 250", "500 Cobra» - (CS), compact means of self-protection and protection from dog "Scorpio 5000" - (IPC ). The greatest interest is the active means of self-defense improved efficiency "Cobra 501", "502 Cobra," "Cobra 801", "802 Cobra» - (CS). The last two means of self-defense contain the maximum amount of substance CS. They have increased compared to the existing models, range - up to four meters in the absence of a strong headwind - and longer duration of action. Firm "Tehkrym" specifically designed for law enforcement aerosol sprays "Siren 10" and "Siren 10M" that provide greater efficiency compared to existing tools, which are armed with MVD. Two completely new development "Tehkryma"-aerosols "Reseda 10" and "Reseda 10M" (the first is for the state paramilitary organizations). There is every reason to believe their most effective tools in this class. Feature "Reseda" is that it contains a mixture of two potent substances maximum allowable concentration of CS, which ensures stable operation of vessels under sub-zero temperatures, and IPC. CS tear as substance rozdratovuye painful and carries a powerful effect on the skin, and the IPC as kapsoitsinopodibna substance has suffocating effect. The combination of these two dissimilar action gives greater efficiency than the effect of each individual substance. Such combined systems are known and widely used abroad in police purposes only. their performance is better than aerosol sprays that this were armed with MVD. Naturally, the sale of such dispensers prohibited private individuals, and even security structures have no right to take without special permission. Working time balloon "Reseda 10" not less than twenty, "Reseda 10M" - not less than twelve seconds. Time content of aerosols per person up to thirty minutes. CIS markets supplied a wide range of gas pistols and revolvers of various companies in Germany. A variety of models is impressive: from the revolver contained in the buckle straps to revolvers style "Western" that replicate the original samples of military weapons during the Civil War. In addition to original designs, important element gas weapon based on such famous models as "Mauser", "Walter", "Browning", etc.. main producer of gas weapons in RosiyskoyiFederatsiyi is the military-industrial complex, which produce small arms for the army, as well as hunting weapons. These companies currently include the following: Tula weapons factory, Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, Vyatka-Polyansky Machine Building Plant and Production Association Kirov Plant "Mayak". the Tula arms factory produced revolvers TOZ-101 "Badger" and TOZ-105. Revolver TOZ-101 has a 5.6 mm caliber, capacity drum - 6 cartridges, catapulting gaseous cloud at 2-3 feet. TOZ-105 - a more powerful weapon caliber 7.62 mm. wide range of gas weapons manufactures state enterprise "IMZ". The most interesting is a series of gas pistols, developed on the basis of the well-known army staff Makarov pistol (PM). The series includes three options:
6P42 under gas cartridges of 7.62 mm;
6P42-8 under the gas ammunition caliber 8 mm (made in Germany);
6P42-9 during gas ammunition caliber 9 mm. approach makes it easier to adapt to the conditions of the gun already drawn ammunition market for gas weapon and widely used in the manufacture of gun available equipment and Snap. Automation gun works on the principle of free recoil grip. As the fighting, Makarov pistol equipped with a safety mechanism. is also an automatic gas pistol model 6P36-8 of the same enterprise. It is designed for active self-defense using gas cartridges caliber 8 mm made in Germany. produces and gas revolvers WP-22. The mass of this revolver is about 385 g, small dimensions allow you to carry it as a woman's bag, and in a jacket pocket. Caliber revolver 5.6 mm provides reliable damage up to 3 meters. Plant "Mayak" (Kirov) produces a fundamentally new piroridynnyy remedy called "Punch" bullets which filled active substance CS, the number of cartridges in the store -6. In his class he belongs to aerosol devices and for its acquisition, according to the Federal Law "On Weapons" is not required nor license nor permission MIA. According to specialists, it is much better than a gas gun:
Firstly, shoots directed shock fluid of 5-6 meters, and at 1.5-3 meters, as a gas gun, removes from the ranks of "object" PA 15 minutes and weighs only 250 grams;
Secondly, do not leave on their parts after shoot residues tear gas;
Thirdly, similar to a regular cigarette case that does not provoke "object" to use his military weapons. [10, c.18] production also digested gas production and multi weapons. This, for example, dvanadtsyatyzaryadnyy gun "Fort-12G", intended for shooting nine-millimeter gas cartridges; semiautomatic pistol model six-AE-790G - versatile, 9-mm caliber, meant for firing blanks, gas cartridges, rubber bullets and signaling missiles; gun "Fort-12R" - dvanadtsyatyzaryadnyy for firing gas cartridges, rubber bullets or similar characteristics missiles non-lethal. Also may be called gun to fire non-lethal ammunition (cartridges with rubber bullets, gas and noise) - Guns "TMR" (analog PM), "Erma 459-R", "Garant C27-1" and revolvers "Paper jackdaw" (similar to revolver «SMIT & WESSON»), «brigade commander," "Cornet-C" and so on. should be noted that despite the development of the gas market weapons still little information on its effectiveness, as well as the right to use it. tear of active defense, irritant action and throwing non-lethal projectiles are prohibited:
Use of special devices without special training;
Use of special devices valid for the elapsed;
Use of special devices at a distance closer than that specified in the technical specifications (such as aerosol cans - no closer than 0.4 m, gas pistols - 1.0 m, under the ammo pistols equipped with rubber bullets - no closer than 3.5 m);
Use special devices that have damaged the integrity of the casing (cracks, prym'yatosti etc.);
Store special devices near sources of fire and electrical devices;
Disassemble special devices;
Cause mechanical impact on special devices;
Meet the requirements of industry standards GATS 78-41-001-97, 78-4-003-97 GATS, GATS 78-41-009-2000. ingested the drug, which Curb spyetszasib: body - the skin should be wiped with alcohol or alcoholic solution or wash it off with the use of detergents; - rinse with plenty of water or 2% solution of baking soda or boric acid (CN), and in case of severe pain drip mixture of 3-4% solution of novocaine and 1% atropine solution in the ratio 1:1 (CS ); respiratory system - hold your breath, get out of the clouds, take a deep breath and get some fresh air. rods specially designed to repel the attack offenders crackdown and control of the offender. At the armed police are:
PR-73, PR-73M units for foreign service officers, PR-89 - for departments of transportation, the PR-90 - for special operations units. PR-73 has dimensions: diameter 32 mm, length 650 mm, weight 730 g PR 73Mvyhotovlena of rubber at the top of the handle is pre-thickening, which protects the hand from damage knives, has dimensions: diameter 32 mm, length 600 mm , weight 820 g PR-89 has a flexible shock element and a convenient handle tough. With telescopic design it is convenient to wear. Dimensions: length - 450-595 mm, diameter - 30 mm, weight - 800 g forbidden strikes to the head, neck, collarbone, abdomen, genitals.
Sticks like "tonfa" CPP-02. Tonfa consists of pen-mate (plastic or rubber) and a cylindrical handle, built into a distance of three-quarters of its length vertically, which allows us to provide movement around the mechanism. Dimensions: length 600 mm, diameter 25 mm. Prohibited baton blows to the head, neck, solar plexus, clavicular region, lower abdomen, genitals, kidneys, merlin. arms of law enforcement around the world is a police baton PR-24 side handle. First of all, it is used as a remedy for reliable retention offenders. Baton with side handle allows you to keep criminals away enough not to suffer stab wounds, knocked out of the hands of the attacker any weapon, helps to hold the offender, and, if necessary, quickly put it pas handcuffs. Moreover, PR-24 is designed so that it can not actually take away from the police (of course, good schooling). According to some, this product has the potential power that is nine times greater than the potential ordinary rubber batons, and only in the United States has been used for over 25 years. [9, c.25-28] BR and RSB. Used to limit physical resistance. Composition handcuffs: locking device selector ring, key pusher. Dimensions: 245h86h 13 mm, weight 0.4 - 0.5 kg, the effort gap handcuffs -150 kg, the number of positives - 5000. The use of handcuffs requires periodic (at least 1 in every 2 hours), check the status of fixing locks. "RSB-2" dvolantsyuhovi complete with two keys to the castle of increased complexity and fixation in a certain position. devices. In the world of stun devices or Electro long been known. They are used in animal husbandry for livestock and ohlushuvannya as "elektrohlysty" pastures. Many years ago they moved from there to the police arsenal. Instead of the term "electric shock" abroad used another: «stun gun»-literally "ohlushuvalna weapon." effect stun device (ESR) is associated not only with the pain of electric shock. Energy stored in the device, in contact with skin arc into a variable electrical voltage with specially calculated frequency that makes the muscles in the contact zone to shrink very quickly. This abnormal overactive muscles leads to instantaneous decomposition muscle sugar that feeds muscle. In other words, the muscles in the area of contact for a while lose capacity. Parallel current blocking activity of nerve fibers by which the brain controls these muscles. The result is a local paralysis, which, depending on various circumstances goes faster or slower. a self-defense weapon for citizens ESR allowed not everywhere. The prohibition contained, for example, the laws on guns UK, Germany, Hungary, New Zealand, Canada and the former Soviet republics - the "Law on the control of arms and ammunition" Republic of Lithuania (1996) and "Law on Weapons" Estonian Republic (1995 p.). In Moldova, the same, or in South Korea no such restrictions. In most of the U.S. ESR legal, but in some states they are completely banned in several states have limitations on their wear and use. Ukraine stun devices taken up ATS since 1995 (Decree KM Ukraine on May 21, 1995 № 302). And since 1999, according to the order of Ministry of Ukraine from 11.08.99 № 624, decided to equip police stun device IP-4. Instructions on how to use a device approved by the Ministry of Ukraine of 13.02.98, № 101. Specifications IR-4 as follows: voltage between the electrodes - at least 45,000 V, the power of influence - 5 J / s, pulse repetition rate g-20 Hz, weight - 0.35 kg, dimensions (length, width, height) - 195x70x35 mm . the use of stun devices for the protection of public order and operational measures certain positive features are:
. Application of Electro effectively inhibits aggressive offenders (criminals) in their apprehension.
. Using Electro contactless way, as a means of intimidation, especially at night, provides effective psychological deterrent effect on offenders.
. The presence of a stun device while on duty increases personal safety of police officers and allows in some cases to detain the offender (offender) without the use of firearms.
. Electro - good alternative gas arms and rubber sticks indoors and crowded places. main parameter characterizing the properties of a stun device - is, of course, the voltage at the electrodes. In Russia, according to the accepted standard in 1996, ESR installed three groups: the first - with the open circuit voltage of 50 to 60 kilovolts, the second - with a voltage of 35 to 50 kilovolts, the third - with a voltage of less than 35 kilovolts. Electro third group - is likely chasib providing psychological impact than a real weapon. Most IIIIIP produced in Russia belong to the second group. Foreign manufacturers of stun device report that their stress is 200-250 kilovolts. devices come in two basic configurations: direct and D-shaped. There is no scientific evidence that mold better. Some prefer the D-shaped, because they think that such a device is easier to touch the opponent. Others choose direct that give maximum freedom of movement. , new models of stun devices - in a glove that is worn on the wrist or "diplomat" from the Shocker, who turned over distance and nature to strike the thief that stole the "diplomat". separate group of stun devices are "Air Teyzer" that shoot electrodes at a distance of 3.4 m police several U.S. states using such models since 1970, although ordinary citizens they became available in 1995. Power to the Shocker is on thin wires. The created "Teyzerom" signal, according to the company, is able to "break" mantle thickness of 5 cm Along with ejection electrodes "Teyzer" throws special identification marks that, if necessary, can help law enforcement officials to identify the owner of the unit. with "Teyzera" executed once, then it should either recharged or used as a regular pin electric shock. Excess stress "Teyzera" is 50 kilovolts. of ESR should provide in contact with target of immediate withdrawal of the last down for the period from 1 to 20-30 minutes (bezruhist of deprivation conscious action) after shutdown ESR. to the decree of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine № 49-1991 g and Articles 12 and 14 of the Law of Ukraine "On Police", the decision to use special tools, as well as their type, time of onset and intensity determines the leader who is responsible for public order in a particular area, or head of a particular operation, taking into account the circumstances, the nature of offense and the offender. Chiefs and heads of operations written report to senior management on the use of special tools and also inform local authorities and prosecutors. the use of special tools (spray, batons, stun devices) police officer dimensional accordingly informs immediate supervisor. [7, c.45]
active defense special equipment
2.2 Personal protection
protective equipment designed to protect the vital organs from possible injuries weapons and firearms. They are:
Helmets;
Shockproof armor and shields. - hat designed for periodic use to protect the head from injury. According to industry standard GATS 78-004-97 protective structures helmets for resistance to weapons (pistols) are divided into three classes - 1, 1-A, 2. produce special helmets 1st class protection using titanium alloys or vysokotryvki steel. their weight - about 2.4 kg. In helmets 2-class protection using steel spherical element with a system of depreciation and fastening the helmet on his head and booletproof transparent visor. Weight of the helmet - about 3.5 kg. Perspective is the use of helmets protective elements of ballistic Kevlar fabric or TVARON. ATS most common:
Steel army helmet designed to protect against attacks with sticks, stones and debris. Area protection - 10 dm2, weight - 1.4 kg. Located on equipping agencies and units to full replacement shock helmet with visor (except units of internal troops);
Shock-resistant helmet "Mask 2", designed for use by workers of police to stop the illegal actions of citizens. Protects head from the blows with sticks, stones and other objects. Area protection - 13 dm2, weight - 1.5 kg;
Helmet shock ETC-307 is designed to protect against attacks during the riots. Protection Area - 18 square meters. dm, weight of 1.5 kg;
Special titanium helmet "Sphere" and STSH-81 (4 titanium plates in the cover) is designed to protect against bullets from a distance of 25 m (grade 1 protection). Area protection - 10 dm2, weight - 2,5 kg. Continuous wearing up to 4 hours;
Helmet booletproof ZPIM-2 provides protection for first class and the bullets TT pistol with lead core. Area protection - 12 dm2, weight-1.6 kg;
Booletproof helmet with visor that is removed, "Mask-I", intended for use by employees of the police during the arrest of armed criminals. Protects head from bullets guns of all types (2-grade protection). Protection Area-18 dm2, weight - 4.5 kg;
Helmet booletproof "Falcon-2C" provides protection for 2 class. Area protection - 16.3 dm2, weight - 4.5 kg. [6, c.99] and release of personal body armor in our country and the CIS has been a lot of government and commercial enterprises. Prominent on the market occupied by body armor (PSU) - protection corps. Weed heads are much rarer. On the one hand, this can be explained by the peculiarities of the market: body armor used in various fields - "military", "police", "public". The protective helmet means more specific. On the other hand, head protection from firearms is a difficult task, and the head compared with the body is much smaller and more moving target. But falling into the body can cause injuries of varying severity - from mild to fatal. If you hit in the head almost guaranteed death, serious injury or concussion, in other words, sound output from the ranks. This is evident in the melee when lesions in the head is not much difficulty. Not coincidentally helmet or headband for a long time belonged to outfit soldiers who fought hand to hand with the enemy. Firearms not finished career helmets. If the armor to the XVIII century. went out of use, the helmets (helmet) survived as a means of protection against knives. However, they are more relieved and, in the cavalry and infantry to protect against saber blows. Increased interest in personal protection caused the First World War. However protykulovi helmets failed to construct then anyone. Steel helmets have become the most common way to protect your head from small fragments. These helmets sustainable development "protyshrapnel-them" helmets, which appeared at the beginning of the war. In this direction and develop helmets for decades. Continuous growth of the shrapnel ammunition in a number of weapons manpower contributed to this development. steel army helmet bullet penetrated the intermediate cartridge of 800-900 m, and rifle - from 1700 m Therefore, protection against light shrapnel still remains a major requirement for "viskovyh 'helmets. the "army" of police helmets, police or internal forces ineffective. Therefore, constantly developing new remedies head. "Mask 2", developed by SRI CT Russia protects against attacks with sticks, metal rods, stone, has a variable damping layer (liner), lifting visor, wide strap, adjustable, with support for the chin. plastic helmet domestic production SH-307 (PVP "technology", Kharkov) with a transparent visor with polycarbonate and bramtsi to protect the neck. It protects your head from the blows with stones, sticks and other heavy items. Has internal Damping equipment and recording system helmet on his head. Made two sizes to fit the head: 1-standard size - 56-60, 2nd dimension - 60-62. Area protection - not less than 13 dm2, weight - not more than 1.5 kg. "Air 2000" (Irpin) manufactures helmets 1-grade protection "Sphere" and "Helmet-1" and shock plastic helmet with visor "silos." usual method of individual body armor has special titanium helmet STSH-81 "Sphere" (RI PT). Titanium elements "scope" are built into the fabric curved base plate. Overlapping one another vzayemoruhomi plate, allowing tight fit "scope" on his head. In general, law enforcement needed means that class as weapons during TT pistol ammunition from which STSH-81 protects, is by some accounts to half "barrels" that "walk" in the CIS. units and internal troops widely used helmet "Mask-1" (developed by SRI CT, Russia). Its basis is tsilnotyahnutyy steel dome, which is equipped with a thick layer damping and shvydkozyomnym mount provides protection in terms of grade 2 bullet pistol ammunition up to 7.62. helmet Steel Institute (Russia) with hinged visor has three options with different classes of protection. The first weighs 1.4 kg and "holds" the ball pistol PM with energy 297 J (grade 1), the second - tovshyy 0.5 mm, weighing 2.1 kg, protects against bullets TT pistol with energy 534 J ( 2nd class). The third option has additional steel or ceramic plates and the weight of 2.5 kg, without breaks conventional Kulevi cartridges. the head from bullets intermediate, and the more rifle ammunition difficult. And it's not only a concussion. Extremely vulnerable place is the neck. Helmet, stopping the ball, gets most of its momentum. And it happens in a split second, and the impact force is transmitted head is so large that can not withstand the cervical vertebra. The same happens if the ball hit with rifle 12 or 16 caliber. Damping of layers and fasteners is not enough. One could weaken the blow, "stretching" it in time and gradually absorbing energy balls. But just look at the modern kuleulovlyuvachi to understand - the size of the helmet will be completely unacceptable. In any case, the question head protection requires a balanced approach and take into account all features of the actions of police in ensuring law and order. In some cases, leave the head open fighter - means simply substitute it under the ball. In addition, it is generally a psychological role of body armor - a fighter that he feels his protection, acting more decisively and calmly, which itself reduces losses. armor designed to protect the body from impact, firearms and bladed weapons. [8, c.21] protective qualities, then personal protective equipment in the world characterized by ambiguous. Thus, in a criminal practice U.S. and Europe use Army small arms is very rare. First of protection must be provided on Short-arms ammunition which should lead bullets. It provides a soft body armor ballistic fabric. , with the agenda set by the problem better, more sophisticated equipment and units of the Interior means protective equipment that meets international standards on arms come from soft body armor, which are made of organic synthetic fibers and Kevlar TVARON. The most promising for use in the MIA of Ukraine is kevlar body armor, known worldwide as an extremely lightweight, comfortable, rich and reliable protection. broneodyah work, grabbing the ball in multilayer snare layers of fabric. Fibers that made contact with the ball, absorb and dissipate the energy collisions, transferring it to other fibers of fabric material. This energy transfer occurs in the "intersections" fibers, where they are intertwined. The rest of the energy absorbing other layers broneodyahu, thus lowering the amount of energy transmitted from a bullet to the body and that can cause a "blunt trauma." Such fabric materials are strong enough to cope with the task, and at the same time, they provide an additional advantage as comfortable while wearing. addition, body armor with Kevlar extremely durable due to the inherent stability of this fiber to mechanical, thermal and chemical effects. The results of tests conducted by police in Germany and the U.S. have shown that resistance to 10-year Kevlar vests firearms is the same as in the new. According to experts, armidne Kevlar fiber showed impeccable service (over 20 years) in operational work. questions safety of law enforcement officers shows that approximately 42% of deaths that occurred during clashes with criminals, could have been avoided if these workers were hidden soft body armor. More than 94% of police officers, whose lives could have saved a clothing needed to protect their body from the shots. They fired a weak or average power handguns, rifles with ammunition side battle on 22 caliber shotgun. Thus the average number of shots in each of the incidents battle was less than two. the weapons that are specific to local conditions and Russia dominates the ball with steel core pistol PM, TT, Kalashnikovs and knives, real protection against any under soft armor practically excluded. Therefore, for the manufacture of body armor protection using high grade composite materials - aramide fabric (Kevlar) and ceramics, aramid fabric and metal materials. the many types and models of body armor for police and other law enforcement agencies most interesting are protykulni and those that protect against knives. [8, c.22] ATS apply:
Lightweight vest concealed carry "bark-3" protects against bladed weapons (daggers, stilettos, "zatochok") with a special class of protection. Area protection - 43 dm2, weight - up to 3.8 kg;
"Module-BB" - body armor for open and semi-open wearing a special class of protection. Area protection -23 dm2, weight -1.9 kg;
ZHZL-74 - lightweight protective vest provides protection from shock and cold (cutting, stabbing) weapon (special class). Area protection - 47 dm2, the mass-to 3.8 kg. Time-continuous wear up to 8 hours;
Bulletproof vest "Lotus" protects against firearms (grade 1). Area protection - 43 dm2, weight - 3 kg. Continuous wearing - up to 8 hours;
"Module-PM" - wearing body armor to open the 1st class protection. Area protection - from thirty dm2, weight - 2.8 kg;
"Sentinel TT" - bulletproof vest for concealed carry 2-class protection. Area protection - 7.8 dm2, weight - 2.9 kg;
ZHZT-71m - titanium protective vest protects from shock, cold and fire (PM, rifles) weapons (2 classes). Area protection - 40 dm2, weight - 10.5 kg. Continuous wearing - up to 6 hours;
Kulezahystna jacket "Mirage" protects against cold and Firearms (2 classes). Area protection - 60 dm2, weight - 12 kg. Continuous wearing - up to 4 hours.
Bulletproof vest 6B5-15 protects against firearms for a 3-m class protection. Area protection - up to February 8 dm2, weight - to 13.1 kg.
"Module-4" - wearing body armor to open 4-grade protection. Consists of front and back with steel armor elements trapezoidal. Area protection - 22.5 dm2, weight - 13 kg. and armored shields designed to protect vital organs from shock and injury by firearms. At the armed police are:
Protective shields - Kit Shock shields for zahysturuk and feet (special classes) made of aluminum alloy. Weight - 2 kg ("Solid-mate") and 1.8 kg (W-308).
Shockproof plastic ("Fort SCHP") and metal ("Schytmate") panels that protect against attacks with stones, sticks, metal rods and other objects. "Fort SCHP" has an area of 63 dm2 protection, made from polycarbonate, weight - 4.4 kg. "Solid-mate" - metal (aluminum alloy thickness 2 mm), the area of protection - 60 dm2, weight - 3.8 kg;
BZT-75 - titanium armor protective shield protects against bullets pistols, revolvers and rifles shotgun. Area protection - 25 dm2, weight - 4.5 kg. Continuous wearing - 4 hours.
"Falcon 2-50SCH" - broneschyt, protects against firearms for a 2-m class. Area protection - 50 dm2, weight 15 kg. Time continuous wear up to 2 hours.
Chapter 3
framework for the use of special tools and equipment in the exercise of self-defense use of means depends not only on expediency and efficiency measure. Primarily, these activities should be evaluated in terms of legality. This means that in all cases, without exception, it should strictly be based on the norms of law and subordinate regulations, and any operational, organizational and other reasons can not be justified. , it is inadmissible any improper, inadequate use of special equipment, capable prychynyty damage to public and private interests of citizens protected by the Constitution of Ukraine (Articles. 3, 8, 17,21,28,29, 30.31, 32, 55). of the main issues of vocational training is the study and understanding of the legal framework and the requirements of law in the application of special equipment in the internal affairs bodies. As you know, this application may be procedural, operational, organizational or preventive in nature. Regardless of the direction and character of the use of technical means used by this process is based on the norms of law, like all other law enforcement agencies. However, the diverse nature of these activities, specific use of its results determine the specificity of their regulation. legal basis for the use of special equipment - a system of legal rules, by-laws and rules that determine the admissibility or regulate the procedure and conditions of use. rules and regulations are classified into two groups:
) regulations that define the general rights and obligations regarding the use of technical means;
) By-Laws governing the use of certain means of special equipment. first group of regulations are the rules of law, government regulations, which establish general principles, goals and objectives of the ATS, the content of which suggest the permissibility of the use of technology, measures and actions. [5, c.76] of Ukraine "On Militia" from 25.12.90, the
Art. 11 determined that the police to carry out its duties shall be entitled to: perform on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by law, overt and covert investigative operations, photos, film, film and sound recordings, listening to telephone conversations to demonstrate offenses (paragraph 10); conduct photography, sound recording, film and video, fingerprinting persons detained on suspicion of committing a crime. (p. 11); hold cinema-, photo-and zvukofiksatsiyu as an aid prevention of illegal actions and disclosure offenses (item 12); regulations prescribed use technical means for identifying and fixing violations of traffic rules (§ 21);
In Article 12 states that the police have the right to use special tools;
In Article 14 stated that the police have the right to use handcuffs, rubber batons, means binding, tear matter, light and distractions of devices, devices for open space and forced stop transport, water cannons, armored vehicles and other special and vehicles and the use of dogs. special vehicle start and intensity of its chastosuvannya determined considering the situation that has arisen, nature of the offense and the offender. list of special tools and rules for their application are established by the Council of Ministers of USSR № 49 from 27.02.91 g, which approved the Rules for application of special means for the protection of public order in Ukraine. and technical methods and tools, from the application of PA preliminary investigation and in court may be recorded source material evidence or annexes found directly reflected in the relevant articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Procedure Code of Ukraine. to him, the legislator authorizes the investigator to use certain features of special equipment during the investigation. It can be a sound recording, photography, film and video (Article 114 CCP). The law allocated technical methods, results of which can capture evidentiary facts in the process of investigating investigation. As stated in Article 85 of the CPC, the results of the application of scientific and technical means are designated as annexes to the protocol of investigative actions that are complementary to a great extent its content. Although they are separate and independent sources do not form, and is part of one of the sources of evidence (ie, protocol appropriate investigative action), but does not take into account their unique capacity to capture different kinds of information legislator can not. Therefore, the probative value of recorded information he must introduce them to the sources of evidence. with the decision on the admissibility of the application of scientific and technical means, the legislator introduced the handheld separate articles on the use of the previous investigation and trial specific scientific and technical means. This application is recording - st.851 CCP application of film and video - Article 85 of the CPC. This was done in order to introduce uniform methods of their use and presentation of results. validity of the use of other scientific and technical means solved investigator on general principles and criteria of criminal justice. This is the only rule: any application supporting technology in the process of investigation must necessarily be reflected in the minutes of certain investigative action. to the content of the law on the use of technical means placed at the discretion of the investigator. But disuse in certain situations these or other techniques may be considered by the court as a miscalculation investigator and lead to undesirable consequences. addition, st.103 CCP police have the right to conduct investigative operations. second group includes subordinate legislation that rushing MIA of Ukraine in the form of orders, instructions and guidelines. Subordinate regulations are created with a view to specify the use of scientific and technical means in the fight against crime. They just indicate what specific scientific hardware and hardware support character should be used and in what specific situations. regulations are in full compliance with the provisions of the law, they can not contain provisions that do not follow the laws, and furthermore contradicts them. example, the order of the Ministry of Ukraine of 30.03.91r. Number 118 is a procedure for the use of special tools during public order, which is set by the Council of Ministers of USSR from 27.02.91r. Number 49, MIA Order of 2004 "On approval of the Instruction on performing units activities GSO property and personal security with the use of technical means" commandment Ministry of Ukraine of 23.12.2003 "On the approval rate of personal belonging Armor protection and active defense." addition to the main acts that constitute the legal basis for the use of special equipment and regulate their use, was issued a number of decrees and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which complement the composition of special equipment, the order of acquisition, storage and use. of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on June 17, 1992 № 2471-XII «on ownership of certain types of property" approved the list of types of property that can be owned by citizens, NGOs, international organizations and entities other countries in Ukraine and legal persons of private ownership. It included electroshock devices and special equipment used by law enforcement agencies, in addition to gas pistols and revolvers and ammunition to them, charged substances tear and irritating. of Ministers (CM) of Ukraine № 706 from 07.09.93 was approved "Regulations on the sale, purchase, registration, filing, storage and use of special means of self-defense, filled with substances tear and irritating." According to this decree ordered Interior Ministry of Ukraine of 18.10.1993 № 642, which is classification of special means of self-defense, the order of acquisition citizens of Ukraine registered in police departments, storage and application. According to the Regulations and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ukraine from June 28, 1997 № 352-r for a population for the purpose of self-defense is allowed to use the facilities, equipped drugs tear and irritant based on natural ingredients, namely, gas cylinders, gas pistols and revolvers and ammunition them of 6, 8 and 9 millimeters. Buy pistols and revolvers tear can citizens who have reached 18 years of age. To obtain permission to purchase to the place of residence to the Police Station application to the head of the law enforcement agencies, medical certificate, three passport size 3x4 cm, a receipt for payment of services related paperwork for authorization and certificate of deposit offset on knowledge of the material of special courses on the basis of "Society Defense of Ukraine." The decision to grant permission in each case taken separately. To purchase gas canisters permission to ATS is not necessary, but for the population meet the requirements of existing regulations only cans "Intermediate-1." of the Cabinet of Ukraine № 302 of May 21, 1995 "On amendments to paragraph 12 of the Rules applying special equipment during public order in Ukraine" adopted by the electroshock devices that belong to the means of active defense. of the Cabinet of Ukraine № 829 of August 4, 1997 "On Amendments to the Rules applying special equipment during public order in Ukraine" to adopt a police spray tear device instant spray "thistle-6." According to the Resolution, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine developed the "Instructions for the use of special equipment" Teren-6 "(order of Ministry of Ukraine of 13.01.1998 № 26 DSC) and adopted by the ATS stun device IR-4 (order of Ministry of Ukraine of 11.08.1999 № 624). order to provide police personnel with modern special means of active defense, based on the regulations of Ukraine dated November 12, 1992 № 596 "On approval of the licensing system" (as supplemented by Resolution of the Cabinet on February 22, 1999 № 256), № 829 - 1997, and the performance of the MIA of Ukraine of 06.10.1998 in 2000 decided to equip the unit of domestic production (Gun "Fort 12r") to fire, fire rubber ("ter-ST") for non-lethal projectiles and approved "Instruction on the application of domestically produced equipment for shooting bullets, rubber or similar in characteristics missiles non-lethal" (Order of MIA of Ukraine № 326 DSC-2000). Cabinet of Ministers of November 17, 2001 № 1534 of active defense to put plastic batons like "tonfa". Also for personnel MIA of Ukraine new special facilities for weapons taken light and devices "Teren-7", "Teren-7M" and "ter-7E." [7, c.18]
Conclusion
the processed material I reached the following conclusions. means of defense are the special features that make up a set of special technical means of protection personnel. tools are used to protect police personnel and citizens during public order and in the performance of official duties, are divided into:
. Active defense.
. Personal protection equipment.
. Means of Special Operations.
. Devices to open the premises occupied offenders. first two groups of special equipment directly intended to protect police personnel. The third and fourth - are used during special operations that are associated with the detention of armed criminals termination in accordance with the laws of riots and other manifestations of public disorder. defense to protect citizens and police officers, actively influencing the offenders to stop their actions. group of special equipment include:
Gas grenades, cartridges and pistols and revolvers for shooting cartridges equipped with tear gas and rubber or similar characteristics missiles non-lethal;
Rubber batons;
Handcuffs;
Stun devices. protective equipment designed to protect the vital organs from possible injuries weapons and firearms. They are:
Helmets;
Body armor;
Shockproof armor and shields. use of means depends not only on expediency and efficiency measure. Primarily, these activities should be evaluated in terms of legality. This means that in all cases, without exception, it should strictly be based on the norms of law and subordinate regulations, and any operational, organizational and other reasons can not be justified. my opinion, one of the main issues of vocational training is the study and understanding of the legal framework and the requirements of law in the application of special equipment in the internal affairs bodies. Ukraine to police departments difficult and responsible task of combating crime. According to the Decree of the President of Ukraine on February 18, 2002 № 143 "On measures to further strengthen the rule of law, protection of rights and freedoms of citizens' priorities of law enforcement should be considered against the crimes against persons, property, organized crime and corruption, terrorism, trafficking people laundering of proceeds of crime offenses in the public sector, drug trafficking, weapons and explosives. The success of their performance largely depends on the technical sufficiency of the Interior and effective use of their existing hardware. Improving the efficiency and quality of the bodies of internal affairs (police) enforcement activity under wide and active use of scientific and technological progress is essential for compliance with the President, the government and police to fight crime. use special hardware capable of only those employees who know them well and are able to apply in all areas of the ATS. Every police officer must be a competent specialist in solving problems before the ATS through various means. in our country this issue given insufficient attention. This is evidenced quite small literary theoretical framework. Mostly theoretical work of legal scholars are publishing in journals, not manuals or tutorials that would greatly facilitate the study and research questions of self-defense for police officers and citizens. Also, a number of legislative acts do not provide clear definitions of self-defense and have referential nature.
List of references
1. The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted at the Fifth Session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, June 28, 1996 254 K/96-VR / / Supreme Council of Ukraine. - 1996, № 30. - P. 141.
. Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine dated 28.12.60 № 1001-05.
. Law of Ukraine "On Militia" from 20.12.1990 № 565-XII // Bulletin of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (BD), 1991, № 4, p. 20.
. Law of Ukraine "On State Protection of court staff and law enforcement agencies" from 23.12.1993 № 3781-XII // Supreme Council of Ukraine (BD), 1994, № 11, article 50.
. Pystoletы plates and revolverы: Reference posobye., Minsk, 1997. - P.92.
. Lotorev V.A., Mykhalov V.A., Chayka I.V., Donchenko S.B. Personal body armor: Guidelines. - K., 2001. - P. 152.
. IF Haraberyush Special equipment in the Internal Affairs: Training. Guide. - Donetsk: Donetsk Law Institute LDTSVS them. E.O. Didorenka, 2009 - 284 p.
. Donchenko body armor for law enforcement S. // Police in Ukraine. - 1998. - № 2. - P. 21-22.
. VP throne, DI Musienko Use rubber batons police units" // Current special technique. № 4, 2006, p. 25-28.
. V.D. Shyyan Tactics use gas cartridges such as "ter-4M" // Current special technique. № 2 (17), 2009, pp. 16-18.