Automation of business processes in hospitals
Ministry of education and
science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
International university
of information technology
Faculty of information
technologyof information systems and mathematical modeling
GRADUATION PAPERof
business processes in hospitals
Major 5B070300 - Information systems
by: Izenov Ye.N.: Research advisor:of physical and
mathematical sciences,Professor Mukimbekov M. ZhLecturer Omarov B.S.
Almaty 2013
CONTENT
ABSTRACT
ANALYTICAL PART
.1 Technical and economic characteristics of medical
institutions. Characteristics and activities. Management and organizational
structure
.2 Characterization of complex tasks, objectives and
necessity of automation
.2.1 Selecting complex problems in order to automate
.2.2 Determination of the place of the tasks in
complex problems
.2.3 Necessity of the use IT to solve the problems
.2.4 Analysis of the system of information security
and data protection
.3 Analysis of the existing development. The choice of
strategy automation
.3.1 Analysis of existing development to automate
tasks
.3.2 Selection and justification of automation
strategy objectives
.3.3 Choice and substantiation of acquisition of
systems to automate tasks
PROJECT PART
.1 Development of an automation project
.1.1 Stages of the project life cycle automation
.1.2 Anticipated risks to the life cycle and their
description
.1.3 Organizational, legal software and hardware-based
security
.2 Information support tasks
.2.1 The information model of the problem and its
description
.2.2 The actors of the system. The behavior of the
system
.2.3 Physical scheme of interaction of individual
parts of information system
.2.4 Function and purpose of individual components of
the designed system
EXPERIMENTAL PART
.1 “Manager” type user functions
.2 “Patient” type user functions
.2.1 Giving access to organization
.2.2 Medical card functions
.3 “Doctor” type user functions
.3.1 Creating a departments and view departments list
in a hospital
.3.2 Getting all doctors who works in an organization
.3.3 Getting all patients who registered in the
organization. Creating medical card for patient
.3.4 Realizing requests from patients. Treating
activities
SUBSTANTIATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
.1 Selection and justification of the methods of
calculating cost-effectiveness
.2 Calculation of economic efficiency of the project
LABOR PROTECTION AND INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
.1 General information about health and organization
safety
.1.1 Room planning and equipment placement
.1.2 Ergonomic solutions for workplace organization
.2 Identifying hazardous and harmful factors. Creating
sustainable lighting
.3 Noise protection
.4 Calculation of ventilation
.5 Providing electrical safety
.6 Fire protection
.7 Accident preventionAND ABBREVIATIONSA
АНДАТПА
Дипломдық жобаның тақырыбы - «Медицина
орталықтарының қызметтерін автоматтандыру». Қазіргі
кезде медициналық мекемелер экономикалық тиімді және нарықты
медициналық қызметпен қамтамас ету үстінде. Бұл
мақсатқа жету үшін ең мықты жолдардың бірі
ол мекеме қызметтерін автоматтандыру болып табылады.
Негізгі сөздер: ақпараттық жүйе,
электрондық құжат айналым, кеңсе тіркеушісі.
Дипломдық жоба мәтіні 69 парақтан, 23
суреттен, 12 формуладан, 3 кестеден, 22 схемадан, 28 пайдаланылған дереккөздерден
тұратын түсініктеме хатынан тұрады.
Дипломдық жобада андатпа, кіріспе, 5 тарау, тұжырымдар
мен ұсыныстар және әдебиеттер ұсынылған.
Кіріспеде таңдалып алынған тақырыптың
көкейтестілігі негізделеді, зерттеудің мақсаты мен міндеттері
айқындалып, зерттеудің объектісі мен мән-мағынасы көрсетілген.
Автоматтандыру жүйелері қазыр өте тез даму үстңінде
және бұл болашақта негізгі медицинаны дамыту бағыттарының
бірі юолады деп айтуға болады. Айтылмыш жұмыста жүйенің
медицина мекемесін автоматтандыру үшін қалай құрылғаны
туралы талқыланған.
Әр түрлі технологиялардың және әдістемелердің
көмегімен құрылған жүйе әрқашанда маңызды,
тиімді және адаптивті болып келеді. Жүйе мекеменің медицина
мекемелерінің бизнес процестерін оңайландыруына көмектеседі және
емделуші деректерінің қауіпсіздігіне үлкен үлес қосады.
Тұжырымда таолқыланған жүйені енгізу
және автоматтандыру бойынша жұмыс тиімділігін арттыруға арналған
негізгі тұжырымдар мен ұсыныстар келтірілген.
ABSTRACT
The topic of this project diploma is “Automation business
processes in hospitals”. Today’s healthcare organizations are striving to provide
timely, cost effective and quality medical services. The first step to achieve
this is to automate the present processes.words: information system, e-workflow,
office of the registrar.graduate paper consists of an explanatory statement
containing 69 pages of text, figures - 23, formulas - 12, tables - 3, circuits
- 22, the sources used - 28.graduate paper are includes an abstract, an
introduction, 5 chapters, conclusions and proposals, and
literature.introduction defines the urgency of the chosen topic, the purpose
and objectives of the study, states the object and subject of study.
The automation process systems in hospitals experience a fast
development and healthcare is predicted to be one of its major growth areas. In
this thesis, we explore how the system can be used to build a smart hospital.,
the system used in combination with different technologies and methodologies
giving a significant efficiency and flexibility for the project. The system
helps optimizing business processes in healthcare and improves patient safety.
The conclusion contains the main findings and suggestions for
improving the efficiency of the implementation and automation of the system.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Темой дипломного проекта является «Автоматизация бизнес процессов
медицинских учреждений». На данный момент здравоохранение стремится обеспечить
своевременные, экономически эффективные и качественные медицинские услуги.
Первым шагом к достижению этой цели является автоматизация процессов
существующие в настоящее время.
Ключевые слова: информационная система, электронный документооборот, офис
- регистратор.
Дипломный проект состоит из пояснительной записки, содержащей 69 страниц
текста, рисунков - 23, формул - 12, таблиц - 3, схем - 22, использованных
источников - 28.
В дипломном проекте представлены: аннотация, введение, 5 глав, выводы,
направления и литература.
Во введении обосновывается актуальность выбранной темы, формулируются
цель и задачи исследования, указывается объект и предмет исследования.
Системы автоматизации процессов в больницах испытывают быстрое развитие и
можно уверенно говорить то, что это будет одним из основных направлений для
развития медицинских учреждений. В данной работе мы рассматриваем систему,
которая может быть использована для создания автоматизированных функций
медицинских учреждений.
Система, используемая в сочетании с помощью различных технологий и
методик, дает значительную эффективность и гибкость для проекта. Система
помогает оптимизировать бизнес-процессы в области здравоохранения и
обеспечивает надежную сохранность данных пациента.
Заключение содержит основные выводы и направления, которые предназначены
для повышения эффективности работы по внедрению и автоматизации процессов
медицинских учреждений.
INTRODUCTION
the world, healthcare organizations are facing challenging
times. Firstly, costs continue to increase, regulations keep growing, and
consumers are demanding more attention and care over their health. Secondly,
healthcare professionals face many challenges because they try to deliver
high-quality care to patients, manage a broad range of administrative tasks.
The foundation for each of these activities is management.successful operation
of any modern enterprise is impossible without effective management. The
organization of effective management is possible only by the full range of
automation of whole institution. This is especially true of such specific areas
which provide medical services. Automation can reduce costs, improve efficiency
and achieve capabilities not previously available using a paper document. We
can see the benefits of automation activities providing that automate all the
activities of enterprise, the whole complex of its tasks. Using business
process automation systems which could make dramatic improvements in record
keeping and monitoring reduces the risk of records being lost or incomplete,
thus providing a higher level of service to patients.process automation
solutions provide the tools, technologies, infrastructure to automate complex
business processes and increase the quality of patient care while
simultaneously driving out costs through greater efficiencies. By automating
business processes, removing manual tasks and eliminating error of information,
business process automation increases personal and organizational productivity
which enables healthcare organizations to deliver results faster and with
higher quality., you should know technology by itself is not the solution and
by one only system we cannot to solve the problems. The greatest impact on any
healthcare organization is people who are involved by effective methodology.
You need a systematic approach and competent experts in the organization of
documents as well as in modern computer technology.order to achieve an
effective management of the enterprise there is a question over the selection
and implementation of information processing systems, which will largely
influence on the efficiency of any company or organization.aim of this diploma
work is the substantiation of the development of the system which automates
business processes of institutions specializing in the provision of health
services to population. The system allows to significantly simplifying the
management of paper documents, making required activities in the daily work of
medical records and automates operations such as receiving and treating
patients’ processes in medical institutions and so on.system allows the
registration, record patient reception and surveys, fill out, view, and edit
medical documents. In addition, the system has the ability to store a large
collection of medical documents in the database establishment, necessary for
conducting a medical history and ambulatory patient card.making analysis of the
current healthcare system in hospitals a number of problems has identified:
- accumulates a lot of
documents where the destination and source are not clear
- the documents and the data
contained in them falls into the wrong hands
- the mass of the working
time is spent searching for the right of documents and the formation of a
collection of documents
- create multiple copies of
the same document and spend a lot of money
The introduction of electronic management system will solve
all these problems as well as provide well-coordinated work of all departments,
simplify paperwork, increase its efficiency, increase employee productivity by
reducing the time of creation, processing and retrieval of documents, improve
efficiency of access to information.on the above problems, we can formulate a
set of tasks to be solved by the introduction of electronic management system:
- analysis of information
workflows in the health facilities
- the organization of
centralized storage, retrieval, delivery of complex documents
- study of the structure of
medical facilities and the identification of the problem being solved through
automation
- development of a program
that searches for information in the database according to certain criteria
The main technical and economic indicators to be achieved by
the implementation of electronic management system:
- reducing the development
time of documentation enterprise by hanging performance when working with large
amounts of information
- the possibility of operational
control
- the ability to monitor the
dynamics of the institutions
The relevance and practical significance of the proposed work
is to solve the problems associated with the creation of an optimal structure
of the program and data storage by an automated information system for health
facilities.system is implemented as a Web portal with a range of functions. The
system can be easily configured to use a particular healthcare setting and is
still current with changes in the structure of the hospital or the introduction
of new types of medical documents.portal does not require the acquisition of
third-party paid programs, which significantly reduces the cost of
implementation of medical information system.portal was developed in
conjunction with doctors of various specialties, thus creating the most
user-friendly for the employee interface that allows starting the process of
implementing the program without prior training.
ANALYTICAL PART
.1 Technical and economic characteristics of medical
institutions. Characteristics and activities. Management and organizational
structure
Care is set of state and public measures for medical care,
disease prevention, improve the health of population. In today's environment it
is the most important social function of state and it is traditionally the main
components which are the preventive and curative care for diseases and
injuries, pregnancy and childbirth, children's health care.promotion is
becoming increasingly important issues in healthcare. In association with the
global scientific and technological progress and the changes of the main types
of disease in developed countries, there are new priorities in the development
of medical science, medical training systems, and systems of production, supply
of medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceuticals.of the main objectives of
the health institutions is to achieve full contact between patients and
specialist agencies for the emergence of an atmosphere of trust and goodwill.,
nowadays medical institutions are focusing on the reliability of the services
provided, the level of service and privacy policy.organizations, no matter in
what area they are faced with common challenges in the field of management. On
the basis of the general laws of lining concrete management practices,
depending on the conditions under which they apply. There is no exception and
for health care. Specificity management of medical institutions is the fact
that health care is a special sphere of activity, which differs significantly
from the other activities. Management structures of many modern facilities have
been constructed in accordance with the management principles laid down in the
distant past:
- the principle of hierarchy
of management levels, where each lower level is controlled by a higher
authority and obeys him
- the principle of authority
and responsibility of managers in the hierarchy
- the principle of division
of labor and specialization of the individual functions of employees by
function
Organizational structure built in accordance with these
principles, called hierarchical structure.distribution of work creates some
advantages if people of the same profession or performing the same function can
be assembled together. This is called a functional organization. Tasks are
allocated to it in accordance with professional qualifications. People are a
specialty focus in the departments headed by department managers. Functional
organization has the following advantages:
- allows you to achieve a
high level of specialization
- allows you to manage and
control over each activity
- relatively easy to
optimize the functional departments of the state
Currently, the organizational structure of the hospital can
identify several main areas, each of which has specific tasks. All of them are
functionally related, are together and working on the same goal which is a
sustainable provision of patient care:
- Therapeutic and diagnostic
direction
- Accounting service
- Human resource service
- IT service
- Security service
- Administrative services
automation business
hospital
Figure 1.1 The organizational structure of hospitals
1.2 Characterization of complex tasks, objectives and
necessity of automation
1.2.1 Selecting complex problems in order to automate,
businesses have to operate in a difficult financial and economic environment.
The key to the success of the organization in such circumstances is the most
effective organization of the enterprise at all levels. This is a complex task,
the successful solution of which is not in any one area of science,
and usually at the intersection of many disciplines, such as governance and
management, logistics, accounting and computer science respectively.of business
processes of the modern enterprise is a necessary and mandatory for its
successful operation. It is hard to imagine today organizations which do their
processes manually. Information technology allows automating the activities of
virtually at all levels of enterprise. Therefore, it is clear that the
automation of activity is a key point that must be addressed to the management
of organization to work as efficiently as possible.the moment, patients
documents, records of medical services, admission procedures and records
patients to specialists, doctors receive schedule are all recorded and stored
in paper form.this graduation paper the problems of automation of health care
that addresses the following areas of activity will be solved:
- work with patients
- taking into account the
logistics
The developed system should meet the following guidelines:
- Organizational
scalability. Commissioning into the system initially available, if it is
necessary, increase the number of jobs without loss of stored information in
the database
- Corporatism. Providing
user access if they have the proper credentials to the functions of the system
- Manageability. If there is
need for restructuring institutions flexible changeover system does not lead to
a halt in its work
- Security. Provision of
access to the database system on the rights of users
The developed system has to work without interruption in the
event of critical errors, even those that occur because of the user or due to
errors in input data. Accordingly, the program section which has the
possibility occurrence of such errors has to be processed in a special way in
the program.program must ensure the physical and logical integrity of the
database. Even there is changing or deleting data the program must maintain the
referential integrity of the information in the database.
.2.2 Determination of the place of the tasks in complex
problems, many organizations are moving from paper to electronic version of
documents. However, in order to design and implement a truly effective and
useful document management system, there is necessary to study the enterprise
as a whole, its document management system, and those parts of it that we have
chosen to automate the most carefully.study of document management scheme of
movement of documents, business processes involved in making the movement of
documents, algorithms users' actions need to be somehow fixed in the form of
charts or diagrams.
Figure 1.2 Activity diagram of the system
Figure 1.3 Activity diagram of the system (Patient)
Figure 1.4 Activity diagram of the system (Doctor)
To solve the problems of modeling of complex systems, there
are well run-in methodology and standards. These standards include the
methodology of the family of UML. You can use them efficiently display and
analyze models of a wide range of complex systems in the various sections. In
this case, the breadth and depth examination of processes in the system is
determined by the developer, which does not disturb the model created by the
redundant data., for a more visual representation of the projected location of
the problem in the complex tasks were developed UML-diagrams workflows medical
institutions listed in the figures of this section [1].1.2 represents a model
of the system as a whole, without going into detail. All activities are
gathered into three groups: patient, doctor and government. In addition, not
all users have access to all activities in their group of the system. The
access will be given to users despite his role.diagrams are the parts of the
diagram above, and have more specific and detailed information.
Figure 1.5 Activity diagram of the system (Government)
1.2.3 Necessity of the use IT to solve the problemsaccounting
the document is ineffective without the computer processing of the data.
Nowadays on the market there are many software programs that meet a variety of
requirements for them. Especially difficult is to choose the right system for
your business.is obvious that in the document there is a lot of technical,
routine work that lends itself well to automation. By automation we can reduces
the amount of routine work. This is achieved by maintaining the basic forms of
documents in electronic form with the addition of basic information
automatically when you select a particular client. In the conduct of e-filing
administrator clearly knows about all the changes in the patient's card which
allows it without wasting time on routine tasks have full information and patient.analysis
of documents shows that work with information sources is difficult and time
consuming. In order to make it easier we should automate the process using the
information system. Consequently, the use of information systems in the
institutions significantly reduces the percentage of time of doctors and
medical staff and it should be a necessary attribute of any health care
facility., the use of computer technology not only provides convenience and
speed of information retrieval and processing of documents, but also raises a
record of activities to a new level by providing the features previously
unavailable.undeniable advantage of using an automated information system is
the safe storage of information. When information is stored on paper loss of any
paper document was irreplaceable. Such a loss could occur as a result of
malicious activity and as a result of force majeure. When storing information
electronically existing security methods of information storage and duplication
make such storage is absolutely reliable., the following key benefits of using
an automated information system based on computer technology to solve the
problems of building automation systems of the medical center:
- increased convenience of
search and selection of data from directories storing static information and
logs of operations performed
- increase the speed of
search and selection of information
- ensuring implementation of
electronic medical records
- automation of working
place
- security of information
storage
- providing multi-user work
1.2.4
Analysis of the system of information security and data protectionof the
fundamental components of the success of the modern enterprise system is the
development of information security and data protection. The need for action in
this area is defined by strong competition in the market for providing medical
services. Unscrupulous competitors are ready to go to illegal activities in
order to take possession of someone else's information, and taking possession
of it to use it to the detriment of competitors. Another important aspect of
information security is to protect against intentional or accidental
destruction of data, resulting in a loss of information critical to the
operational work of the enterprise.the conduct of the paper records of the
center situation with regard to information security and information security
situation is very mediocre. Data on patients spent with them therapeutic and
diagnostic activities are stored in the form of paper documents in cabinets of
center staff, and waste papers in the archive. In this case, nothing prevents
unauthorized employees to familiarize themselves with these documents or copy
them and steal. Job instructions to follow the order of filing are unlikely to
stop an attacker who set a goal to seize them. There is also high probability
of loss of documents when the paper version of doing business, as well as the
intentional or accidental destruction of documents.using a computerized version
of the level of information security is increased considerably. The system
itself is automated document forcing the user to be more responsible in the
matter., information security and data protection is performed by means of a
password system for access to resources information system at various levels.
First of all, this is the password logon to the operating system of his
workplace. Enter the password opens the user access to the resources of the
computer, and documents stored on it. In this case, the security policy should
be set up so that the user was not a complete master in the workplace, and
could not, for example, install malicious software or programs to copy the
information. Limitation of rights complicates the user experience, but it
ensures data security. You should always find a balance between convenience and
comfort of the user and the safe storage of corporate information or customer
information.the user enters his password to the operating system, it accesses
not only the resources of the computer, but also to network resources center. This
might be the case, if a user logs on to the computer as a domain user or
network user. In this case, treat the delineation of the rights of users in the
network to even more closely. Configure the network user rights to such a way
as to enable him to seamlessly work with their documents, but restrict access
to documents, the rights to the work with which it is not, or it is only right
to view. In this case, the problem is solved at the same time protect the data
from unauthorized access and from accidental damage them.prerogative of the
distribution of the rights of users in the enterprise has a system
administrator. It must distinguish between users' rights of access to documents
and applications on the network as well as on local computers.second level of
protection of information is password-protected access directly into the
automated system of the medical center.third level of password protection of
information is the password to access the meringue SQL Server database when
building client-server architecture of the systems. In this mode of operation,
the data stored in the database, protected not only by the system access rights
of users, but also the system of SQL Server, which is an order increases the
level of safety.undeniable factor that increases the level of information
security and data protection in the implementation of electronic system of work
of the center is the opportunity for the need to save the entire database of
documents to any electronic medium in the event, such as natural disasters. In
the future, this copy of the database can be deployed at the new location and
paper work continued from the point at which it was interrupted.addition to
password protection organization of information should not be neglected and the
physical protection of information. It is advisable to place a server and a SQL
Server database in a separate room in which in addition to the special
conditions required for the operation of servers and create special conditions
that exclude the entry of unauthorized persons. This may be an access control
system, or other arrangements.the planned introduction in the center of the
automated system, work with paper documents will still take place. For example,
the agreements concluded with the patients are valid only on paper. Organizing
the storage of such documents, eliminating the possibility of access by
unauthorized persons or employees who do not have access to them is an
important point in achieving overall system security. It is advisable to
organize the archive, which would be stored such documents and to regulate
access to his employees. You should eliminate the possibility of intrusion by
physical methods.
.3 Analysis of the existing development. The choice of
strategy automation
1.3.1 Analysis of existing development to automate tasksaim
of the thesis is to create a system of automation of medical institutions. The
need to create an automated system caused by the large amount of information on
the nomenclature used drugs, the number of documents made out to receive
patients and holding them therapeutic and diagnostic measures. Maintaining this
amount of information in paper form becomes impossible, and search is very
difficult. Therefore, there is the necessity to translate the information
center in the electronic form. Information resources translated into electronic
form, acquire a new quality, which gives them more widespread and effective
use. Using the automated system, the user can not only locate the data, view
documents and create research reports, but also to raise their work to a new,
previously unavailable level.the graduation project was immediately taken, I
started to focus on the development of its own product and not to use one of
the existing ones. This decision was made on the basis of the facts that own
development is always possible to implement specific, necessary only in the
enterprise opportunities. It is possible that the requirements for the
implementation of such features will change the development and implementation
of the system, if the customer will have new views on the desired functionality
of the system, suggestions for improvements or changes in the behavior of the
logic of documents reporting requirements. There may well be suggestions on the
development of new reports or modify existing ones. To implement such
requirements of the customer is possible only with a system of its own design,
as ready developments come as no rule of program source code and cannot be
modified or supplemented., we have not choose an existing system for use in
medical center, but there is a choice of programming which technology to use to
write your own software product and which language and programming system to
choose for this technology., there are a lot of systems and programming
languages to develop software products. They differ by solved problems,
technologies, methods and so on.
.NET is both a business strategy from Microsoft and
its collection of programming support for what are known as Web services
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Figure 2.1 ER diagram of the system
An entity-relationship diagram is a specialized graphic
that illustrates the relationships between entities in a database
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Figure 2.2 ER diagram of the system (user entities)
Fig. 2.3 ER diagram of the system (address entities)
Fig. 2.4 ER diagram of the system (registration process
entities)
the last diagram, figure 2.5, is shown entities related to
entity medical card.
Fig. 2.5 ER diagram of the system (medical card entities)
2.2.2 The actors of the system. The behavior of the
systemmodel a system the most important aspect is to capture the dynamic
behavior. To clarify a bit in details, dynamic behavior means the behavior of
the system when it is running and operating.only static behavior is not
sufficient to model a system rather dynamic behavior is more important than
static behavior. In UML there are five diagrams available to model dynamic
nature and use case diagram is one of them. Now as we have to discuss that the
use case diagram is dynamic in nature there should be some internal or external
factors for making the interaction.internal and external agents are known as
actors. So use case diagrams are consists of actors, use cases and their
relationships. So to model the entire system numbers of use case diagrams are
used.purpose of use case diagram is to capture the dynamic aspect of a system.
But this definition is too generic to describe the purpose.in brief, the
purposes of use case diagrams can be as follows:
- used to gather
requirements of a system
- used to get an outside
view of a system
- show the interacting among
the requirements are actors
2.6 Use case diagram of the system
diagrams are the parts of the diagram above, and have more
specific and detailed information.
2.7 Use case diagram of the system
(Actors)
2.9 Use case diagram of the system
(Patient)
2.10 Use case diagram of the system
(Government)
.2.3 Physical scheme of interaction of individual parts of
information systemsection describes the physical schema interaction of
individual components of the projected information systems. There are diagrams
which demonstrate separate subsystems with their brief description. In the
project are used the following methodologies: Repository and MVC Patterns, Code
First, EF and Unit Testing.Entity Framework is a set of technologies in ADO.NET
that support the development of data-oriented software applications. Architects
and developers of data-oriented applications have struggled with the need to
achieve two very different objectives. They must model the entities,
relationships, and logic of the business problems they are solving, and they
must also work with the data engines used to store and retrieve the data. The
data may span multiple storage systems, each with its own protocols and even
applications that work with a single storage system must balance the
requirements of the storage system against the requirements of writing
efficient and maintainable application code [5].Entity Framework enables
developers to work with data in the form of domain-specific objects and
properties, such as customers and customer addresses, without having to concern
themselves with the underlying database tables and columns where this data is
stored. With the Entity Framework, developers can work at a higher level of
abstraction when they deal with data, and can create and maintain data-oriented
applications with less code than in traditional applications.addition to
supporting a designer-based development workflow, EF also enables a more
code-centric option which we call “code first development”. Code-First
Development enables a pretty sweet development workflow. It enables you to:
- develop without ever
having to open a designer or define an XML mapping file
- define your model objects
by simply writing plain old classes with no base classes required
- use a convention over
configuration approach that enables database persistence without explicitly
configuring anything
- optionally override the
convention-based persistence and use a fluent code API to fully customize the
persistence mapping
Repository pattern is a data access pattern that abstracts
away your data access code. Using the repository pattern, your web application
can interact with a data source without knowing the specifics of that data
source. Meaning, your web app talks to a repository and that repository is in
charge or getting or updating data. The web application doesn't know anything
about the data access because the repository is in charge of that [6].nice
thing about the repository pattern is that it makes it easier to unit test your
application easier to maintain your application since all the data access logic
is in its own object, and lastly it makes it easy to change data access later.
If you want to switch from a local database to a cloud based database or other
DBMS, it's easy with the repository pattern.view-controller is an architectural
pattern used in software engineering. Successful use of the pattern isolates
business logic from user interface considerations, resulting in an application
where it is easier to modify either the visual appearance of the application or
the underlying business rules without affecting the other. In MVC, the model
represents the information of the application and the business rules used to
manipulate the data and the view corresponds to elements of the user interface
such as text, checkbox items, and so forth. Moreover the controller manages
details involving the communication to the model of user actions such as
keystrokes and mouse movements [7].testing is a software development process in
which the smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are
individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. Unit testing
is often automated but it can also be done manually. This testing mode is a
component of XP, a pragmatic method of software development that takes a
meticulous approach to building a product by means of continual testing and
revision. All tests have been created with one aim, to improve the quality of
program code, to make applications and systems more reliable and stable
[8].diagrams below present all modules and technologies used in the system. By
following the diagram there can be seen how the project is adaptive and dynamic.
Figure 2.12 Project architecture divided for subsystem
Figure 2.13 Relations of the technologies used in the project
2.2.4
Function and purpose of individual components of the designed systempart of the
diploma work represents well detailed description of the functions and purposes
of the components. In order to get a clear and detailed description here was
taken methodology called class diagram.diagrams are the mainstay of
object-oriented analysis and design. Class diagrams show the classes of the
system, their interrelationships including inheritance, aggregation and
association, and the operations and attributes of the classes. Class diagrams
are used for a wide variety of purposes, including both conceptual and domain
modeling and detailed design modeling.classes are divided by MVC pattern
methodology i.e. into three big groups: controller, models and views. There are
some other divisions for additional classes and scripts.
Figure 2.14 Class diagram of the project
2.15 is the parts of the diagram above, and has more specific
and detailed information. The diagram below represents all project methods.
Figure 2.15 Class diagram of the project (Controller)
Figure 2.16 Class diagram of the project (Model, additional
classes and scripts)
next two diagrams describe other subsystems in detail of the
system. The first one is the relation between the repository and entity framework.
Figure 2.17 Relation between repository and entity framework
Figure 2.18 Code first realization of the system
3 EXPERIMENTAL PART
this part practical examples of the system are demonstrated.
This part is intended to describe real examples for user and show the interface
of the system. Demonstration and validation of the developed system was carried
out to test it. The experimental part was divided into three parts, such as a demonstration
of the “Manager” functions, “Patient” features and “Doctor” user functions. At
the first order is “Manager” functions:
.1 “Manager” type user functions
At the beginning of the each subpart the main page of the
users is shown. From this point the other functions will be shown.
Figure 3.1.1 “Government” user main page
The images below the functions are linked with “organization”
object. Organization is a type of medical center e.g. hospital, polyclinic and
so forth. Now let’s create a new organization and see all created organization
and the created new organization too.
Figure 3.1.2 Creating a new organization
After creating a new organization, it will be seen in the
drop down list below. Moreover it is possible to get details of the selected
organization by clocking “Get organization details” button.
3.1.3 The result after creating the
organization
3.1.4 Assigning a chief doctor for an
organization.
3.2 “Patient” type user functions
This main page is “Patient” user’s page. So, let’s test this
object functions.
Figure 3.2.1 “Patient” user main page
3.2.1 Giving access to organization
This function is created for the following case: when the
patient is going to go to any organization patient has to give an access for
selected organization in order to view his medical card and make some
operations. This function is with aim of security. In such way patient can
protect his data from other unfamiliar organizations, doctors or other staffs.
Figure 3.2.2 Selecting the city in order to get organization
list
the image below you see “Give access” button. The
functionality of this button is giving a permission to view the data of patient
medical card for the selected organization.
Figure 3.2.3 Giving an access for the selected organization
.2.2 Medical card functionsis a medical card when the
authorized patient opens his medical card. However, if a doctor opens a patient
medical card the page will be a little bit different from this. The page is
shown at the last subpart.
Figure 3.2.4 Medical card when patient opened
next three figures show detailed information of the following
objects:
- illness
- reference
- appointment
In addition to creating function patient or doctor are
allowed to do some more another actions such as read feedbacks from doctors who
had considered while creating this illness, reference or appointment. Each
illness and reference cannot be created without appointments. The added
appointments are base of the illness and reference i.e. the doctor created it
basing on these appointments.next function exists only at illness details page.
It has medicine list which was appointed to the patient in order to treat and
possible to get medicine details also.
Figure 3.2.5 The selected illness details in the patient
medical card
next function exists only at reference details page. The
reference details page has another function which is downloading an image if it
exists. It is useful because it is accessible to use the image several times.
Also, patients or doctors are able to read feedback to this reference. Feedback
can be added only by doctors who have access to do this action.
Figure 3.2.6 The selected reference details in the patient
medical card
next function exists only at appointment details page. The
appointment details page has only one function which is getting feedback from
doctors. Actually feedbacks are created in order to make some notes for people
i.e. doctors who will read these feedbacks before making an action.
Figure 3.2.7 The selected appointment details in the patient
medical card
.3 “Doctor” type user functions
This main page is “Doctor” user’s page. This object has the
most amount of functions i.e. the key object in the system.
Figure 3.3.1 “Doctor” user main page
.3.1 Creating a departments and view departments list in a
hospitalimages below are the functions linked with “department” object.
Department is sections of one medical center. Now let’s create a new department
and see all created departments and the created new department also.
Figure 3.3.2 Creating a new department for hospitalthe next
page user can get all departments in the selected organization. Moreover user
can get more specific details of the selected department by clicking “Get
department details” button.
Figure 3.3.3 The created department
.3.2 Getting all doctors who works in an organizationimage
below demonstrates the list of doctors. The list contains of doctors who are
working at the hospital.
3.3.4 All doctors list in a hospital
function below is an assigning department for a doctor. A
doctor can be assigned only to one department.
Figure 3.3.5 Assigning a department for the selected doctor
.3.3
Getting all patients who registered in the organization. Creating medical card
for patientimage below demonstrates the list of patients. The list contains of
patients who was registered in this hospital. Other organizations cannot create
a medical card for this patient.
3.3.6 Getting all patients who registered in the organization
3.3.7 Creating medical card
.3.4 Realizing requests from patients. Treating activitiesrequest
list below is a patient request who wants this organization surveys him. After
survey, the patient can close this access for the organization. This is one of
the new features of the system.
3.3.8 List of request from patients
page below is the case when a doctor opened patient’s medical
card. There are three functions which differentiate from the case when patient
opens his medical card.
3.3.9 Medical card when doctor opened
figure below is creating a new illness in patient medical
card. In order to complete this action a doctor has to add at least one
existing appointment from the appointment drop down list. In addition to this a
doctor can add some feedbacks as well as appoint some medicines. However it is
optional activities.
3.3.10 Making diagnosis for patient
figure below is creating a new reference in patient medical
card. In order to complete this action a doctor also has to add at least one
existing appointment from the appointment drop down list. In addition to this a
doctor can add some feedbacks as well as upload necessary image e.g. cardio
image and so on. However they are optional activities.last figure below is
creating a new appointment in patient medical card. While creating a new
appointment doctor also can add some feedbacks.
3.3.11 Creating a reference for
patient
3.3.12 Creating a new appointment
4 SUBSTANTIATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
.1 Selection and justification of the methods of calculating
cost-effectiveness
of economic efficiency of an IT project is an essential part
of its feasibility study. In general, there are three main groups of methods to
determine the effect of the introduction: financial, qualitative and
probabilistic. Each method, financial or non-financial, has its disadvantages.
It is clear that automation is a delicate process and not in every business
process we can estimate the effect of financial component. That is why in order
to more fully illustrate the final effect of the introduction of IT systems we
are forced to use the methods of non-financial analysis, in addition to
financing methods. The usage of all three groups of the methods eventually lead
us to the correct assessment of the effectiveness of IT systems [9]. The most
frequently used three basic financial methods for determining IT investment:
- NPV (net present value)
- IRR (internal rate of
return)
- Payback period
We will calculate calculation of indicators of economic
efficiency based on the payback period of development because information
technology will not improve itself the position of organization in the market
and do not provide a direct economic benefit.
4.2 Calculation of economic
efficiency of the project
of the IT system affects the final financial and economic
performance of health center directly across the technology. IT provides the
management staff with new technologies instead of improving the market position
of organization. The efficiency of their use depends on how good the
possibility of IT technology to the business opportunities of
organization.effectiveness of introduction of automated information system is
caused by the influence of factors of various informational, economic and
organizational characters.efficiency factor is expressed in raising awareness
of staff i.e. fast access to the information resources.economic factor is
manifested in the fact that accounting information having full and timely
reflection and the state of the object and the factors influencing its
development ultimately aims to improve the utilization of productive
resources.effect is manifested in the release of employees from routine
operations to organize and group credentials, numerous calculations and entries
in the registers and other documentation, verification performance, thereby
increasing the time to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of management
decisions or something like that.automating complex tasks showed that in the
process of automation of activities achieves reduction in complexity of
individual operations, increase productivity and improve the working conditions
of individual workers, increase efficiency of decision-making, the reliability
of output information, including the preparation of reports for the
ever-growing volume of source documents without increasing staff. Economic
efficiency is composed of two main components:
- improving financial
performance
- time savings on some
transactions
The basis for the evaluation of economic efficiency can serve
as the time spent on one activity. Introduction of the system can provide
significant effect by reducing the time for reporting, which is directly
connected with the entire process of analysis of the data. Also, can be
expected from the introduction reducing the time to write queries and reports,
improving the quality of work during the examination of data reduction and
document the transition to paperless processing of information, culture and
increase productivity. Automation of complex tasks is to change the quality
features, these include:
- the frequency of error
decisions because of the use of false information increases the probability of
making a wrong decision which affects the final result of the activity
- speed of detection of
errors in the decisions made significantly reduce the likelihood of errors
- the average time to find a
solution: the system will shorten the decision-making process
The main factors that determine the cumulative effect of
automation:
- reducing the complexity of
data processing by switching to paperless technologies
- quality improvement
process from the stage of acceptance of documents to the stage of registration
of report
- reduce dependence on
specific individuals who are holders of information because the use of
paper-based data does not allow simultaneous use of a single resource to
multiple employees but the introduction of such system easily allow
Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the project
suggest the need to evaluate income and expenditure part of the project.
Evaluation expenditure part involves identifying the following groups of
expenditures:
- the acquisition of basic
software: operating systems, database platform
- the acquisition of the
tools of automation
- payment services for the
design and launch of the system
- technical support system
If medical center already has an appropriate hardware and
software, the development of an automated system is not incurring any
expense.introduction of the automated system is not reflected on the income
side of the project because the use of the system does not give a direct
economic benefit.main summary measure of economic performance includes:
- annual economic benefit
from the development and implementation of an automated system
- payback period of the
automated system
- computing efficiency ratio
of capital expenditures
The basis for the calculation of the annual economic effect
is a technique that provides a comparison of reduced expenditures on basic and
introducing options.annual economic effect is determined by the formula:
Ea = С1-С2 (4.1)
- expenditure before the introduction of the automated system
which consists of: the wages of employees, expenditure for office supplies and
for payment of utility bills.- expenditure after the introduction of the
automated system which consists of: the wages of employees after the
introduction of the system, paying utility bills and the expenditure for
training.economic efficiency is the ratio of the annual economic benefit to the
capital investment.
Е =
Ea/CI (4.2)
- capital investments in the injected system. Capital
expenditures are determined by the cost of software and the cost of the
technique. Expenditures will consist of salaries and the acquisition of
developer needed. The payback period is defined by:
To = 1/Е (4.3)
was taken an example in order to demonstrate calculating the
economic effect. Assume that a medical center has 10 specialists and let’s
calculate the economic effect with this example.earned salary per employee per
month is 90,000 KZT. Total labor costs account for 900,000 KZT i.e. earned per
year = 900,000 * 12 = 10,800,000 KZT. The costs of social security contributions
and other needs make up, for instance, 5% from the annual salary, social costs
= 10,800,000 * 5% = 540,000 KZT., the annual cost to the twenty employees will
make 11,340,000 KZT.expenditure for office supplies amounted to 100,000 KZT,
for instance.for payment of utility bills of all kinds in the month amounted
to, for instance, 100,000 KZT i.e. 1,200,000 KZT per year.
4.1annual costs in the base case.
COST ITEM
|
ANNUAL COSTS
|
Labor costs
|
11,340,000 KZT
|
Costs for office supplies
|
100,000 KZT
|
Expenses for
payment of utility bills
|
1,200,000 KZT
|
Total С1:
|
12,640,000 KZT
|
we calculate the cost of processing information in the new
version.per employee in the new version in the month is 700,000 KZT. Annual
salary is 700,000 * 12 = 8,400,000 KZT.costs of social services = 8,400,000 *
5% = 420,000 KZT.cost of the twenty employees per year will be: 8,400,000 +
420,000 = 8,820,000 KZT. The cost of twenty staffs for computer courses -10,000
KZT.
Table 4.2costs of introducing options
COST ITEM
|
ANNUAL COSTS
|
Labor costs
|
8,820,000 KZT
|
Training costs
|
100,000 KZT
|
Expenses for
payment of utility bills
|
1,200,000 KZT
|
Costs for office
supplies
|
100,000 KZT
|
Total С2:
|
10,220,000 KZT
|
’s calculate the amount of capital investment in the
development of the system. Capital expenditures are composed of labor costs
developer, overhead costs and the cost of the tools. Basic salary of developer
calculated by the formula:
Sbas = Cov * SbasDay (4.4)
- overall complexity of the project, days- salary of
developers= 400,000 KZT.per a day = 400,000 / 22 = 18,181 KZT.time is 20 days.=
60 * 18,181 = 1,090,860 KZT.costs are determined in the amount of, for
instance, 20% from the basic salary of developers.= 1,090,860 * 0,2 = 218,172
KZT.cost of tools = 1,200,000 KZT.: CI = 1,090,860 + 218,172 + 1,200,000 =
2,509,032 KZT.on the calculated parameters, let’s calculate the annual economic
effect:= 12,640,000 - 10,220,000 = 2,420,000 KZT.efficiency will be equal to:
Е =
2,420,000 / 2,509,032 = 0,96period To = 1 / 0,96 = 1,04 years.’s calculate the
overall complexity of the development:
T= nDev * t (4.5)
- number of developers- time in hoursdeveloper is open every
day for 16 days to 5 hours.
Т = 1 *
16 * 5 = 80 normal/hour.’s calculate the effort required to process
documentation before and after introduction of the project.activities by hand
specialist department spends 40 minutes i.e. 0.6 person/hour and when using an
automated system 10 min i.e. 0.16 person/hour.
Т = Т0 - Т1 = 0,6 - 0,16 = 0,44 person / hour.relative index of labor
is Т1/Т2 = 0,25means that when using the
automated system is only 25% and it is less than compared to manual processing
time of. Consequently, the time savings is 75%.project has a positive economic
efficiency and pays for the costs associated with the production of the
automated information system.example we see reducing the complexity makes it
possible to obtain an annual economic effect of using automated 2,420,000 KZT.
The payback period of capital expenditures equal to 1,04 years and save time is
75%.
5 LABOR PROTECTION AND INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
5.1 General information about health and organization safety
the internship the project was developed in the «Cloud
Computing Laboratory» laboratory on the 3rd floor in the building IITU. The
laboratory performed the following activities:
- laboratory work of the
department disciplines
- advice on course design
- advice on degree design:
bachelors, engineers, masters
- preparation of teaching
materials on the basic disciplines of the department
.1.1 Room planning and equipment placementthe laboratory
total floor area is 37.50 square meters and lighting audience is through one
window. Doors of the laboratory are 1 front door and 1 door to the server side
and room height is 2.30 meters. Suspended ceiling and it is made with a porous
drywall in the laboratory. One more thing floor covering is made by laminate
and decorating the walls is decorative plaster.heating in the room is 1 unit
"Fan coil" air conditioning. In the laboratory water and sanitation
are not available and power supply 220 V and 12 electrical outlets. The
lighting in the room is 8 units of fluorescent ceiling location and there is
set clock security, video surveillance in hallways, access control system.
Furniture of the room consists of 8 pieces of tables and chairs 7.for
laboratory work is «T6000» server, 11 units of «Fujitsu Siemens» PC staffed
with «SVGA» monitors. PC installed and placed in accordance with the
requirements of the specifications of manufacturers. The room also has a
presence of fiber-optic lines dedicated Internet channel and a local computer
network.to the order number 767 of 28 September 2010 on sanitary and
epidemiological requirements for the operation of the PC, space per workstation
PC users at any location is 4.0 square meters. Area per job laptop users and
modern computers with LCD screens is 2.50 square meters [10].you calculate the
area (Sspec.) premises attributable to one person as follows:
(5.1)
-
room space
-
area occupied by the bulky equipment and furniture
-
the number of people working simultaneously on the premisesthis basis, it can
be noted that the calculations agree with the regulatory requirements.
5.1.2 Ergonomic solutions for workplace organizationmaintain work
ability and prevent the development of PC user diseases necessary organize
workplaces that meet the requirements. Productivity increases from 8 to 20
percent with proper organization of the workplace.the presence of a high table
and chairs, inadequate growth of learners, use a height adjustable footrest. An
important element of work place for PC user is chair.design of work chair must
ensure the maintenance of sound working posture when working on PC allows you
to change position in order to reduce tensing the muscles of neck and shoulder
area and back to prevent the development of fatigue. Type of office chair
should be chosen taking into account the growth of user, nature and duration of
work with PC.chair equipped with PC, basic size suited to the growth of
students with shoes. Replacement of chairs for stools or benches is not
allowed. In this case, the room used chairs fully meet the above standards.
5.2 Identifying hazardous and harmful factors. Creating
sustainable lighting
working with PC can be potentially dangerous and harmful
factors whose impact on human body can bring them harm and lead to
injuries.lighting in room designed to work with PC is created in the presence
of both natural and artificial lighting. Insufficient light leads to severe eye
strain, fatigue, short-sightedness, poor quality of work, increasing the
marriage. Bright light irritates the eye retina, dazzles the eyes tire quickly,
growing industrial injuries.lighting facilities staffed with computer
engineering require high demands on hygiene as well as technical issues.
Properly designed and executed lighting provides a high level of efficiency,
has a positive psychological effect, increases in labor productivity
[11].calculation job is lead to choosing lighting system and defining the
required number of fixtures, type and placement. The process of programmer work
is slow in such conditions when natural lighting is insufficient or absent.
.3 Noise protection
the workplace of PC user sources of noise are generally
speaking people, outside noise, computer, printer and ventilation equipment.
They make quite some noise, so the room is enough to use sound absorption.
Table 5.2normalized sound pressure levels and sound. Here are
indicators of standardized noise levels in too.
Sound pressure
level, dB, in octave bands with center frequencies, Hz
|
Sound levels and
sound levels equivalent, DBA
|
63
|
125
|
250
|
500
|
1000
|
2000
|
4000
|
8000
|
|
71
|
61
|
54
|
49
|
45
|
40
|
38
|
50
|
the level of noise in the workplace showed that the actual
sound pressure levels in dB in the octave bands with center frequencies of
31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz. And it complies with the
standard.’s present methods of protection against noise. Construction and
acoustic methods of protection against noise by construction law and
regulations are:
sound design envelope, seal around the perimeter of the
chapels of windows and doors
- sound-absorbing structures and screens
silencers, sound-absorbing lining
Reducing the noise penetrating into the space from outside is
realized by sealing around the perimeters of the chapels of windows and doors.
Acoustic absorption is an acoustically treated surface to reduce the intensity
of reflected waves by converting sound energy into heat. Sound absorption is
quite effective measure to reduce noise. The most pronounced sound-absorbing
properties are fibrous and porous materials such as fiber plate, fiberglass,
mineral wool, polyurethane cellular plastic, porous polyvinyl chloride,
etc.absorbing lining of these materials must be placed on the ceiling and upper
walls. Absorption maximum is reached when wall not less than 60% of the total
area of the enclosing surfaces of the room.
5.4 Calculation of ventilation
conditioning systems should be installed so that neither warm
nor cold air is not directed at anyone. There is recommended to create a
dynamic environment with certain differences of indicators in rooms. Air
temperature at the surface of floor and at head level should not differ by more
than 5 degrees. In addition to natural ventilation supply there is exhaust
ventilation. The main parameter that determines the characteristics of
ventilation system is multiplicity of exchange i.e. how many times per hour
will change the air in room.is necessary to calculate Vvent (Volume of air
required for the exchange) and Vroom (the amount of working space). In order to
calculate let’s use the following premise:(length) = 10 m, A (width) = 5 m, H
(height) = 3 m., the amount of space equal to: Vroom = A * B * H = 150 square
meters.to exchange the air volume Vvent is defined by the basis of the heat
balance equation:
(5.2)
-
excess heat (W)
С = 0,237 - thermal conductivity of air
(W/kgK)= 1,2 - the air density (kg/m3)temperature of the outgoing air is given
by:
(5.3)
= 1- 5 degrees - excess of t to 1 m height of room
=
25 degrees - temperature in workplace
Н = 3 м. - height of room
= 20 degrees
(5.4)
-
excess heat from electrical equipment and lighting
(5.5)
Е -
coefficient of energy losses on heat sink (E = 0.55 for lighting)- power, p =
40 Вт * 20 = 800 W
W
-
heat input from solar radiation
(5.6)
- number of windows, let’s take m = 2- window area, S=2,5 * 2
= 5 m.2- factor taking into account glazing. For double glazing, k = 0,6
-
127 W/m - heat input from the windows
W
-
heat of people
(5.7)
q = 80 W/person- number of people
W
Wthe
heat balance equation should be:
= 2802 / (0,237 * (26 - 20) * 1,2) = 1648
The best option is air conditioning i.e. automatically
maintain its status in environment and in accordance with certain requirements
e.g. set temperature, humidity, air mobility and regardless of changes in state
and outside air conditions.
5.5 Providing electrical safety
installations which include almost all computer equipment
provide for human a potential danger because in the maintenance operation
people can touch parts under voltage. Any disturbance current can cause
electrical injury i.e. damage body caused by electric current or electric arc.
In addressing the issue of the safety of the developer to identify three main
factors:
- electrical workplace of
programmer
- auxiliary equipment
- environment of room
Built-in devices of the workplace include: server, computer,
monitor and printer. To accessory equipment includes local lighting lamps, fans
and other electrical appliances.place which the programmer is working affects
for electrical insulation of equipment and devices, electrical resistance of
human body and can create conditions for shock.rooms, equipped with computer
facilities are generally classified as areas without heightened risk because:
relative humidity does not exceed 65-70%
there is no conductive dust
temperature does not exceed the long 30 ° C
having a connection with the earth metallic structures
lack of access to live parts of the equipment
there is no conductive floors , to prevent electrical user
injuries necessary comply the safety requirements when working with
conventional appliances.
.6 Fire protection
solve fire safety problems, we need to first identify and
justify the category of space. One of the most important tasks of fire
protection is to protect the places from damage and provide them with adequate
strength under high temperatures during a fire. Given the high cost of
electronic equipment facilities of the institution, as well as category of its
fire hazard, the building should be 1 and 2 degree of fire
resistance.construction of buildings JSC "IITU" consists of 10 floors
and the laboratory is located on the 3rd floor. For the manufacture of building
structures used brick, concrete, glass, metal and other non-combustible
materials. Wood should be limited and in the case of use necessary to
impregnate flame retardants.is also necessary to provide fire barriers in the
form of partition of non-combustible materials placed in the rooms of our
institution. Considering that our building contains engineering equipment such
as computers, printers, etc. and the space is "C" class of possible
fire used indoors extinguishers OP-5 based on carbon dioxide or dry powder.
According to NPB 110-03 building is equipped with automatic fire
extinguishing.escape routes should ensure the evacuation of all people in the
room during the required period of time. In our building there are 3 emergency
exits, the distance between them is less than 50 meters distance sanitary
requirements from the most remote locations to the nearest evacuation moves
fully compliant.
.7 Accident prevention
The correct method of operation:
provide for the possibility of change of tasks and work
load
- continuous operation time on display no more than 4
hours
comply breaks 5-10 minutes through 1 hour on display
or 15 minutes after 2 hours of operation on display
The correct application of aids:
use armrests when keyboard is higher than 1.5 cm
- stand for documents and footrest
In the creation of comforts in order to increasing
productivity and reducing stress factors play significant role characterizing
the state of the environment e.g. indoor climate, noise and lighting. The
recommended relative humidity is 65-70%. The workplace should be well
ventilated.
CONCLUSION
the result of the graduation paper has been comprehensively
studied the general activities of health centers, organizational structure,
features and characteristics of the building automation system. The task of
automating medical processes has been widely discussed and studied. The place
of this problem in a complex automation tasks, the necessity of automation and
the need to use computer technology to solve this problem were identified and
justified in this diploma work.the implementation, the automated system has
been designed which involve itself all processes about the patients and their
diseases and, of course, it will reduce the burden on the registry during the
collection and processing of data., there was an analysis of existing developments
in this area and concluded that the need to develop our own product i.e.
system. There was selected automation strategy and identified the necessary
steps of automation and the used information systems. During the
implementation, the main features of the architecture of the developed system
clearly were described, and its functionality and the mechanisms too. Also, the
usage of the other appropriate technologies was found to improve the purposes
of the diploma project.the system does not require the acquisition of
third-party commercial software or technologies, which significantly reduces
the cost of implementing the health information system.system was developed in
cooperation with physicians of various specialties, thus the system has the
most intuitive interface for the doctors, allowing us to start the process of
introduction the system without pre-training.testing part of the diploma work
shows that it fully meets the task and it is stable and error-free. In addition
it has a great functionality and user-friendly interface.step was an assessment
of economic efficiency. It is concluded that the project has a positive
economic efficiency and pays for the costs associated with the production of
the automated information system.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) - the use of a device with
Internet access such as 3G cellular service, broadband via Ethernet, or other
Internet gateway as an access point for other devices- Information Technology
UML - Unified Modeling Language- Structured Query Language
.NET - a software framework
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_framework> developed by Microsoft
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft> that runs primarily on Microsoft
Windows <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows>Markup Language
(XML <http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/XML>) - markup language
that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both
human-readable and machine-readableText Markup Language (HTML
<http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/HTML>) - the main markup
language <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language> for creating web
pages <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_page> and other information that
can be displayed in a web browser <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser>
Entity-relationship (ER-diagram) - a specialized
graphic that illustrates the relationships between entities in a database
<http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/Database-Relationships-An-Introduction-To-Foreign-Keys-Joins-And-E-R-Diagrams.htm>-
Database management systemsInformation Services (IIS) - a web server
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server> software application and set of
feature extension modules created by Microsoft
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft> for use with Microsoft Windows
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows>.NET - a server-side
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side_scripting> Web application
framework <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application_framework>
designed for Web development
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_development> to produce dynamic Web
pages <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Web_pages>- Microsoft-
International Standardization Organizationview-controller (MVC) - a software
architecture <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architecture> pattern
which separates the representation of information from the user's interaction
with itFramework (EF) - an open source object-relational mapping
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping> framework for
the NET Framework <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NET_Framework>.NET - a
set of computer software components that programmers can use to access
dataProgramming (XP) - a software development methodology
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_methodology> which is
intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer
requirements
Net present value (NPV) - discounted value of
forecasted project cash flows
Internal rate of return (IRR) - implicit annual rate of
return the project generatesperiod (PP) - number of years it takes to recover
the initial investment- Kazakhstan Tenge (ISO currency code)- International
Information Technologies University
Liquid-crystal display (LCD) - a flat panel display
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_panel_display>, electronic visual
display <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_visual_display>, or
video display <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_display> that uses the
light modulating properties of liquid crystals
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_Crystals>- Personal Computer
JSC - Joint-stock Company
OS - Operating System
REFERENCES
1. UML
Standard Diagrams
<http://www.tutorialspoint.com/uml/uml_standard_diagrams.htm>.
. <Microsoft
.NET> 4.5 http://www.microsoft.com/net
. Standard
ISO/IEC 12207:1995 «Information Technology - Software Life Cycle Processes»
http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=21208
. Entity-Relationship
Diagram By Mike Chapple
<http://databases.about.com/bio/Mike-Chapple-7100.htm>
<http://databases.about.com/cs/specificproducts/g/er.htm>
. Entity
Framework <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/data/ef.aspx>
. Repository
Pattern with Entity Framework using EntityTypeConfiguration by MdAsifBd
<http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4599566>, 20
March 2013 <http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/561584/Repository-Pattern-with-Entity-Framework-using>
. Learn MVC
(Model View Controller) step by step in 7 days - Day 1 by Shivprasad koirala
<http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=1335831>, 25
March 2013 <http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/207797/Learn-MVC-Model-View-Controller-step-by-step-in-7>
8. Unit testing
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing>
. Gribov
V.D., Business Economics. M: Finance and Statistics,2003.-336 pages.
. Guidelines
PL-09 Паспорт УД Cloud Computing Laboratory
. The act
on “the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the operation of the PC”
2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
12. Куперштейн, В.И.
Современные информационные технологии в делопроизводстве и управлении : учебное
пособие / В.И. Куперштейн. - СПб. : БХВ, 2003
. Мацяше, Л. Анализ
требований и проектирование систем : учебник / Л. Мацяше. - М. : Вильямс, 2007
. Овсянников, М.В.
Проектирование функциональной модели : учебник / М.В. Овсянников. - М. : МГТУ,
2001
15. Troelsen
Andrew, “Pro C# 5.0 and the .NET 4.5 Framework, 6th Edition”, Springer Science
and Business Media NY, New York, 2012
. Mohammad
Rahman, “Expert C# 5. 0 with the .NET 4.5 Framework”, Springer Science and
Business Media NY, New York, 2013
. Jon
Galloway, Phil Haack, Brad Wilson, K. Scott Allen, “Professional ASP.NET MVC
4”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2012
. Jess
Chadwick, Todd Snyder, Hrusikesh Panda, “Programming ASP.NET MVC 4”, O’Reilly
Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2012
. Judith
Bishop, “C# 3.0 Design Patterns”, O’Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2008
. Julia
Lerman, “Programming Entity Framework, 2nd Edition”, O’Reilly Media, Inc.,
Sebastopol, 2010
. Paul
Kimmel, “LINQ Unleashed for C#”, Pearson Education, Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana, 2009
. Mickey
Gousset, Brian Keller, Martin Woodward, “Professional Application Lifecycle
Management with Visual Studio”, John Wiley & and Sons, Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana, 2012
. Julia
Lerman, Rowan Miller, “Programming Enitty Framework: Code First”, O’Reilly
Media, Inc., Sebastopol, 2012
. Scott
Shaw, Kathi Kellenberger, “Beginnig T-SQL, 2nd Edition”, Springer Science and
Business Media NY, New York, 2012
. Gavin
Powell, “Beginning Database Design”, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana, 2006
. James
Bender, Jeff McWherter, “Professional Test-Driven Development with C#:
Developing Real World Applications with TDD”, Wiley Publishing, Inc.,
Indianapolis, Indiana, 2011
. Robert C.
Martin, “Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship”, Pearson
Education, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2009
APPENDIX A
The source code of the system
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
GetRequests(string message)
{.Message =
message;currentDoctor =
PublicClass.UnitOfWork.DoctorRepository.ItemsWithInclude(doctor =>
doctor.Organization)
.Single(doctor =>
doctor.Login == User.Identity.Name);["CurrentDoctor"] =
currentDoctor;model = new GetRequestsModel
{=.Organization.Requests.Select(request
=> request.Patient).ToList()
.Select(x => new
SelectListItem
{= x.Id.ToString(),=
string.Format("{0} {1}", x.LastName, x.FirstName)
})
};View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]ActionResult
GetRequests(GetRequestsModel model, string command)
{(command == "Open
patient info")
{selectedPatient =
PublicClass.UnitOfWork.PatientRepository
.ItemsWithInclude(u =>
u.Address, u => u.Address.Province, u => u.MedicalCard,=>
u.MedicalCard.OrganizationCreator, u => u.MedicalCard.DoctorCreator)
.SingleOrDefault(u =>
u.Id == model.SelectedUser);(selectedPatient == null)
{RedirectToAction("GetRequests",
"DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "Select a patient
first" });
}["PatientRequest"]
= selectedPatient;RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation");
}RedirectToAction("DoctorIndex",
"DoctorMain");
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
GetRequest(string message)
{.Message =
message;patient = Session["PatientRequest"] as
Patient;["PatientForCardOpen"] = patient;model = new GetRequestModel
{= patient.Login,=
patient.FirstName,= patient.LastName,= patient.Gender,= patient.Email,=
patient.Phone,= (DateTime) patient.BirthDate,= patient.Address.Province.Name,=
patient.Address.AddressLine,= patient.IsResident.ToString()
};View(model);
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
CreateAppointment(Doctor doctor, string message)
{.Message = message;patient
= Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;appointerDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;["DoctorRequest"] =
doctor;model = new CreateAppointmentModel
{= patient.Login,=
patient.FirstName,= patient.LastName,= doctor.Login,= doctor.FirstName,= doctor.LastName
};View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]ActionResult
CreateAppointment(CreateAppointmentModel model, string command)
{appointerDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;receiverDoctor =
Session["DoctorRequest"] as Doctor;patient =
Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;(command == "Back to
patient card operation page")
{RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation");
}(command == "Write
feedback")
{RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback",
"AdditionalFunction");
}(patient.MedicalCard ==
null)
{
// If we got this far,
something failed, redisplay form.AddModelError("", "Patient has
not a medical card");View();
}(command ==
"Create")
{appointment = new
Appointment
{= model.Title,=
model.Description,= true,= DateTime.Now,= null,= receiverDoctor,=
patient.MedicalCard
};.UnitOfWork.AppointmentRepository.Add(appointment);RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation", new {message = "The operation was
successful"});
}RedirectToAction("CreateAppointment",
"DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all
empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
CreateIllness(Appointment appointment, string message)
{.Message =
message;(Session["AppointmentList"] == null)
{["AppointmentList"]
= new List<Appointment>();
}
{
((List<Appointment>)
Session["AppointmentList"]).Add(appointment);
}attendingDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;patient =
Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;model = new CreateIllnessModel
{= attendingDoctor.Login,=
attendingDoctor.FirstName,= attendingDoctor.LastName,= patient.Login,=
patient.FirstName,= patient.LastName,= ((List<Appointment>)
Session["AppointmentList"]).Select(x => new SelectListItem
{= x.Id.ToString(),=
string.Format("{0}", x.Title)
})
};View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]ActionResult
CreateIllness(CreateIllnessModel model, string command)
{attendingDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;patient =
Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;(command == "Add
appointment")
{RedirectToAction("GetAppointments",
"MedicalCard", new { param = "FromIllness"});
}(command == "Appoint
medicine")
{RedirectToAction("AppointMedicine",
"DoctorCardOperation");
}(command == "Write
feedback")
{RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback",
"AdditionalFunction");
}(command == "Back to
patient card operation page")
{RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation");
}(command ==
"Create" &&
((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Count() != 0)
{illness = new Illness
{= model.Title,=
model.Description,= false,= attendingDoctor,= DateTime.Now,= null,=
patient.MedicalCard
};.UnitOfWork.IllnessRepository.Add(illness);RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "The operation was
successful" });
}RedirectToAction("CreateIllness",
"DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all
empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
CreateReference(Appointment appointment, string message)
{.Message =
message;(Session["AppointmentList"] == null)
{["AppointmentList"]
= new List<Appointment>();
}
{
((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Add(appointment);
}addedDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;patient =
Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;model = new CreateReferenceModel
{= addedDoctor.Login,=
addedDoctor.FirstName,= addedDoctor.LastName,= patient.Login,=
patient.FirstName,= patient.LastName,= ((List<Appointment>)
Session["AppointmentList"]).Select(x => new SelectListItem
{= x.Id.ToString(),=
string.Format("{0}", x.Title)
})
};View(model);
}
[HttpPost]
[Authorize]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]ActionResult
CreateReference(CreateReferenceModel model, string command)
{addedDoctor =
Session["CurrentDoctor"] as Doctor;patient =
Session["PatientRequest"] as Patient;(command == "Add
appointment")
{RedirectToAction("GetAppointments",
"MedicalCard", new { param = "FromReference" });
}(command == "Upload
image")
{RedirectToAction("UploadImage",
"DoctorAppointment");
}(command == "Write
feedback")
{RedirectToAction("WriteFeedback",
"AdditionalFunction");
}(command == "Back to
patient card operation page")
{RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
"DoctorCardOperation");
}(command ==
"Create" &&
((List<Appointment>)Session["AppointmentList"]).Count() != 0)
{reference = new
DoctorReference
{= model.Title,=
model.Description,= null,= DateTime.Now,= null,= addedDoctor,= patient
};.UnitOfWork.DoctorReferenceRepository.Add(reference);RedirectToAction("GetRequest",
new { message = "The operation was successful" });
}RedirectToAction("CreateReference",
"DoctorCardOperation", new { message = "You have to fill all
empty areas" });
}
[HttpGet]
[Authorize]ActionResult
AddAppointment(Appointment appointment)
{param =
Session["AimOfOpenCard"] as string;(param == "FromIllness")
{RedirectToAction("CreateIllness",
"DoctorCardOperation", appointment);
}RedirectToAction("CreateReference",
"DoctorCardOperation", appointment);
}