Application of digital education resources in teaching computer science
Ministry
of Education and Science of KazakhstanState Women Pedagogical Universityand
Mathematics FacultyDepartment of "Computer Science and Applied
Mathematics"
Course
work: Application of Digital Education Resources in Teaching Computer Science
Digital educational resources
and their types for presentation and content
Digital educational resources is a
product used for educational purposes for playback which need a computer.
Dynamically developing information technologies provide new, effective
complement to traditional means of the educational process, which many teachers
all the more willing to shall include on their methodical system. Using the DER
provides new possibilities for increase the efficiency of the educational
process. DER - operative means of visual in training, help in Drills of
practical abilities of pupils in the organization and conduct of the survey and
monitoring of students, as well as monitoring and evaluation of homework in the
work with schemas, tables, graphs, symbols, etc., in editing and correcting
errors in the creative works of the students. The use of DER in education
allows teachers to qualitatively change the content, methods and organizational
forms of education. Being improved tools pedagogical activities, improve the
quality and effectiveness of training. DER have many advantages over
traditional means of education:purpose of digital educational resources is to
strengthen the intellectual capacity of students in the information society, as
well as improving the quality of education at all levels of the educational
system. The following main pedagogical objectives of DER:
Intensification at all levels of the
educational process due to application of modern information technology
(improving the efficiency and quality of the learning process, deepening
intersubject connections, increase and optimize the search of necessary
information, increasing the activity of cognitive activity);
The development of the individual
student, the preparation of an individual to a comfortable life in the
information society (the development of different kinds of thinking, the
development of communicative abilities, aesthetic education through the use of
computer graphics, multimedia technology, the formation of information culture,
abilities to process information).the stages of the lesson when the principal
teaching operations and control is transferred to the computer, the teacher is
able to observe, fix display of such qualities in students, as awareness of the
search target, active reproduction of previously studied knowledge and interest
in replenishing lacking knowledge of ready sources on your own. This allows the
teacher to design their own activity on management and the gradual development
a creative attitude to the teaching of students. Filing standards for testing
of course for Action (through job training or software), providing analysis of
the causes of errors can gradually teach students self-monitoring and
self-correcting learning and cognitive activity that must be present at each
lesson. The mentioned DER can facilitate the identification, development of his
abilities, forming skill and desires to learn. According to the purposes of
application DER in the educational process and their opportunity to distinguish
the following types DER:
Digital Library - a distributed
information system that allows reliably and effective use of heterogeneous
collections electronic documents (electronic publications containing pieces of
literature, manuals, etc.);
Library of electronic of visual aids
- a handbook in which the content is passed through a set of multimedia
components, reflecting the objects, processes and phenomena in a given subject
area;
Electronic Encyclopedia - a manual
containing a great information on various fields, embracing certain areas of
knowledge. Editions provided with an abundance of illustrations, video and
audio fragments, animations and three-dimensional models.
Tutors, simulators workshops is a
teaching and methodical complex able to prepare yourself for classes, exams, to
objectively evaluate their knowledge;
Multimedia tutorials - a software
and methodical complex, providing opportunity of independent or with the
participation of teacher learning course or a large section with a computer;
Virtual Lab - a learning system
allows the subject experiments, including those whose holding in the school is
difficult, require additional equipment or is too costly.DER include:
;reproductions of paintings, monuments and sculptures; portraits; of the world;
(explanatory, comparative, generalizing); ; diagrams, graphs, maps; tables,
figures, maps, charts; defining concepts, processes and phenomena;and chemical
formulas; and chemical equations; comments to the described processes and
phenomena; that duplicates the content of the textbook; , supplementing
textbook content; of literary works; articles, historical documents;processes,
animation of natural phenomena, events, social events;lectures, speech
fragments of personalities;clips;video fragments phenomena, processes, and events;tool
is a learning activity include: system, , Wiki-Wiki. programmed DER consists
of: of processes; of natural phenomena; of laboratory work; of experiments;
practice.tools of digital educational resources.use of DER at lessons possible
in various forms:
Interactive (interaction) -
alternately utterance (from release the information to the performed action to)
of each of the parties. And each utterance is given as a previous own and
statements of another party;
Multimedia - presentation of
resources and processes are not the traditional text description, and using
photos, video, graphics, animation, sound;
Modeling - simulation of real
resources and processes for the study;
communicativeness of - the ability
to directly communicate, the rapid provision of information, monitoring of the
process;
Productivity - automation
uncreative, routine operations, a person taking away a lot of energy and time.
Quick search by key words in the database, access to unique publications for
reference information character.technology of DER does not exist. Each author
uses its own technology. This topic is intended some basic principles that can
be adapted to the creation of an electronic textbook of any kind. Create DER
depends on such factors as the didactic purpose, knowledge of the subject, the
type of subjects (technical very different from the humanities), existing
facilities, etc. When creating DER have to face the two polar views on the methodology
of their creation. The first of them is the fact that the author is sufficient
properly prepare necessary materials, and translate them into computer form
will not make particular problem. According to the second view, the skilled
programmer can take any conventional textbook and without the help of the
author to make him an effective educational tool. In the first case, an
absolute content part, in the second of its software realization.
Production stages DER
Table 1
Stage
|
the
content of stage
|
Preliminary
work
|
Formulation of the original idea Evaluation of
existing elements
|
Collection
of necessary information
|
The needs analysis Highlight important
didactic purpose Justification of the need and the new things that will make
a product compared to conventional print training manual
|
Preparing
content
|
Isolation of a of didactic purpose a plan
Presentation of content in the form of modules
|
Design
|
Development of the general concept The choice
of media (audio, images, video, etc.) Script writing Detail design +
interactivity connection
|
Production
|
Programming and content digitizing Creating
images, sound, etc. The layout of finished materials the modules
|
Testing
|
Testing and evaluation of the product
|
training includes the following
stages:
Elaboration of didactic requirements
of DERs;
It is an analysis of needs, which
includes the specifics of the direction of the group of potential students and the
objectives of the course - on the results of this analysis, the decision to
form DER;
Elaboration of technical
requirements for DER;
need to make sure that the chosen
technology can realize that this is a means;
Development of structure of of
DERs;preparation the content in the first place created script. Sometimes it is
provided with illustrations explaining the instructions. The script imply
thinking through the organization of interactive, interaction between the
learner and the computer, students and teachers, other students.functional
composition software subsystems DER might look like this:
Units of educational material (which
includes tasks for self-control and record-set of different species);
Additional materials (from
contextual decryption of the terms to normative base and e-library);
Service tools (help for the
tutorial, a dictionary, a glossary, an electronic organizer, search, etc.);
Communication System (providing
student-teacher interaction);
The protective system. Preparation
phase content and programming is usually alternate.the design DER specified of
the overall structure DER and creates a detailed script. This process consists
of two steps: creating the overall concept and design of each individual part.
The general concept defines the overall style and atmosphere of the course, the
navigation structure, feedback from students, the selection buttons for
navigation, etc. It is important to initially specify the look and structure did
not undergo significant change during development. Changes made at the later
stages, are sources of program errors, creating additional work hours. Detailed
design defines the detailed development of the course content, the appearance
of each window, and context menus. It is easier to make changes at this stage
than in the overall concept. In any case, every change must be recorded in
writing.DER is on each phase of production to the final product coincides with
the intended didactic purposes. It is also important technical testing program
directed at identifying software bugs.testing DER should be in the experimental
groups under the direct supervision of developers. Its goal:
Check the operation of all the
functional modules of the training program in real mode (not observed if the
program hangs, how fast it works etc);
To reveal previously unnoticed
errors in the presentation of educational material and software implementation;
Evaluate effectiveness of the
organization DER interface, fixing what causes difficulties for students when
working with it;
To save the results of a database of
test items for checking their validity.
Requirements for the DER in
teaching science
educational resources must meet the
following substantive requirements: the content and structure of a specific
textbook; a new quality of education, to focus on the modern forms of
education, high interactivity, students strengthening of self-learning; the
ability level differentiation and individualization of instruction (this applies
to the level of subject formation of skills and knowledge and intellectual
skills and general); age psycho-educational characteristics of students and
differences in the cultural experience of students; content that is meant to
work with the information provided in various forms (graphs, tables, composite
and original texts of various genres, video sequences, etc.);bundle of tasks
(such as training and diagnostic character) focused primarily on ingenious ways
solutions; learning activities that guide students the acquisition experience
in dealing life (including domestic) problems based on the knowledge and skills
mastered in the framework of the subject; the organization of learning
activities, it requires the use of independent forms of group and individual
research, forms and methods of the project organization of the educational
process; include planning of the educational process, which should involve a
modular structure that allows to implement an agreed upon division by teaching
subjects, classes and subjects. valuable work with complete sets of DER must
have one or more computer classes for 10-15 people (connected to the school
network and the Internet), the projector. Desirable also a scanner and a
printer, digital camera and camcorder. In the absence of this technique you can
get ligament computer + projector, camera and video successfully replace the
mobile phone.of the main technical systems:
The server and the local network -
the organization of a single school space;
The computer - the main tool the
teacher or student, means of demonstrating educational facilities and
interactive work with them;
Projector and screen - a means of
demonstrating the educational objects of different nature in the audience;
Scanner (complete with character
recognition software) - input means a teacher or student paper, not in the
database;
Digital photo and video camera - the
writer and the teacher or students entering their results.of DER enables the
teacher to use an electronic edition in different ways depending on the
configuration of school office:computer + projector class:
Demonstration of the individual
teacher multimedia objects on the topic;
Demonstration teacher multimedia
presentations on lessons (15 - 20 minutes of the lesson);
- "Live" demonstration of
teachers different ways to solve problems;
Use a computer at school (students)
response at the board (in particular, demonstrating prepared from media -
objects DER presentation); students - one computer:
Frontal laboratory works;
Group research assignments;
Group creative task;
Online training solutions to the
problem;student - one computer:
Virtual laboratory practice;
Individual research assignments;
Individual creative activity;
Online training solutions to the
problem;
Computer testing.
Capabilities of tools Microsoft
Office and programs of Macromedia Flash to create DER
The common name of software intended
to constitute, editing and formatting of simple and text documents - word
processors. Word (often - MS Word, WinWord or just Word) - is a word processor
for creating, viewing and editing text documents, with local application of the
simplest forms of table-matrix algorithms. Word processor, is published by
Microsoft as part of Microsoft Office. The first version was written by Richard
Brodie (Richard Brodie) for the IBM PC, using DOS, in 1983. Although MS-DOS and
OS is a text devoid of GUI, Word for DOS was the first word processor for the
IBM PC, which was able to display the layout of text, such as bold or italic
text in the editing process. However, he still was not in the full sense of the
WYSIWYG-editor.word processors, such as WordStar and WordPerfect, used simple
text screen the markup codes, sometimes the text has been colored. The ensuing
versions added features that go beyond simple word processor. Drawing tools
allow you to perform primitive operations of the layout, such as adding
graphics into a document, although, of course, specialized programs for layout
better cope with these tasks. Embedding, comparing versions of a document,
multilanguage support and many other features have been added over the
subsequent few years. Word processor Microsoft Word can be seen as a means of
automating the activities of the author. When using this program should be
clearly defined the target document electronic or printed. different types of
documents use different tools, techniques and methods.Excel is designed to work
with data tables, mostly of numerical. In forming the table you are writing,
editing, and formatting text and numeric data, and formulas. The presence means
of automation facilitates the operations. Computing in the program are done by
Excel formulas. A formula can contain numeric constants, cell references and
functions Excel, coupled signs of mathematical operations. Typically use the
formulas in this program is that if the value of the cell is really dependent
on other cells in the table, you should always use the formula, even if the
operation is easy to perform in the "mind." This ensures that
subsequent editing table without disturbing its integrity and correctness of
computing made in it.Power Point program is to produce effective and visual
presentations. Using the «Power Point» in the making of the presentation is the
best way for dealing with a large audience. With all functions of the program,
you can easily make a presentation, and most importantly, using the power of
this program you will be able to attract the attention of every member of your
audience. The system demonstration program allows to quickly and easily prepare
presentation material of any complexity.Microsoft Power Point - is the
presentation. It consists of individual slides. On the screen you can display
them in different modes, which have different meanings.
Microsoft Word program is very easy
to use. Make up tests, crossword puzzles, tests, lab work, quizzes, and other
OPC is easy, just know this program at the elementary level. For example, to
make a crossword, you should be able to draw the table and typing. Therefore,
the teacher can give the students as a separate task to create a crossword
puzzle or a quiz, and then use them in other lessons. Thus, the teacher
develops creative thinking, intellectual acumen and logic, forms of independent
work skills, has the ability of individual performance. In a table, I gave the
example of a crossword puzzle, made 10th grade student. Tests listed in my
table, is also very easy to compose, but minus the tests made in the program
Microsoft Word is that the computer can not check them myself and give the
result, and the teacher should check and evaluate yourself. Also in my table
provides reference work, which includes 17 questions. Assignments are available
in different forms, with a choice of one of four answers, with dopisaniem
definitions, etc. Quiz made in Microsoft Word, also represents a set of tasks
of various kinds.this program, you can also create modules. The purpose of the
module: the formation of the knowledge and skills of information retrieval - acts,
methods and procedures to carry out the selection of certain information from
the dataset. Education within the module is implemented in cooperation with the
teacher. Teacher - not the only source and "translator" of knowledge,
he - consultant, organizer, judge. Modules are components of electronic
textbook.allows the DER to teach difficult material is available. Text, the
teacher pronounced and written on a computer monitor, is seen in several
senses, which helps students with different types of memory learn the material.
Symbols, definitions, allocated under the underlined words can focus on
important things. This module is in electronic form has advantages over paper
in that the partition is not necessary to search through the pages, simply
click the button to find necessary. This is especially useful for independent
decision problems: after each section are approximate solution of problems, if
necessary, you can quickly find the desired information.
Application of the program
Microsoft Excel to create DER
In Microsoft Excel, you can create
many different DER. This program convenient for teachers that can be considered
the result and give an assessment on the set teacher standards. In my
classification, I gave examples of the test on computer on Microsoft Excel. You
must select one option out of four. After the test you need to press the
"result". The computer will show the percentage of assignments and
evaluation, based on a percentage. Neither the students during the test or the
teacher checking does not take much forces but make the tests more difficult
than in Microsoft Word, because the basic knowledge of the program will not be
enough to produce tests. For his lesson, I was and used for securing the
schoolbooks and clarify the gaps in students' knowledge of terminology
dictation on "Algorithms". Dictation is a short task, implemented in
a form that the student give a short simple answer. Once the answer is given,
the student must press «Enter», and in front of the answer will be written
"true" or "mistake." To consolidate of the schoolbooks, to
determine the gaps in students' knowledge can be used, quizzes made in
Microsoft Excel. In the example I gave a quiz where you have to to guess the
all the terms on ICT correctly, then the letters in the selected cells can be
chosen to make the names of personalities in the field of computer. You can use
the puzzles. I cited the example of numerical puzzles made in the program
Microsoft Excel. In these problems, instead of letters must substitute numbers
so that these equalities hold. The same letter should always correspond to the
same numbers, different letters - different numbers. DER dignity, created in
this program is that they allow you to accelerate the pace of the lesson, the
teacher had more time checking the knowledge, skills form the self, eliminate
subjective evaluation, increase motivation and interest in learning.
Pic. 1 - Test in Microsoft Excel
education microsoft
office program
2. - Terminological
dictation in Microsoft Excel
Application of the program
Microsoft Office Power Point to create DER
program Microsoft Office Power Point
is traditionally used as a instrumental environment to prepare presentations.
Multimedia presentation - one of the most effective methods of training in the
classroom, a powerful pedagogical tool that goes beyond the traditional class -
lesson system. material using animations allow compact distribute educational
material, reduce the time of presentation of new material in class, use the
released time to consolidate and exercise. At the lesson was given so much
information and the types of work that would be impossible in the classroom
without DER. For example, to explain and consolidate the new material have been
proposed research, best practices, challenges for personal study, information
was presented historical character. Animation allowed accessible and
interesting to describe difficult to grasp the material. For example, students
looking slides 3-7, quickly realized the differences in the management of
direct and feedback, visual laconic text helped to remember properties of the
algorithm and type of algorithm. Demonstration and graphics, charts, graphs,
figures, tables clearly showed the benefits of writing instruction in the form
of an algorithm. Research problems in the animations allow not get lost in the
verbal presentation and think logically even weaker students and the practical
problems orient the student to gain experience solving life (including
domestic) problems., the DER will help the following educational objectives:
provide) the organization of
training activities, involving significant use of forms of independent research
group and individual activities;B) a qualitative understanding of programming
material;) the content of materials-oriented work with the information provided
in various forms (graphs, tables, composite and original texts of various
genres;) in a compact presentation of educational material, free up time to
consolidate and exercise;) the availability and visibility of the material
under study;
consider the individual
characteristics of students and differences in the cultural experience of
students;
raise interest in the subject; In my
practice.in this program is to create educational games. The goal - the
formation and development of skills and abilities of students. On the table,
see the example of an educational game "Jeopardy" It can be used for
extra-curricular activities. The essence of the game is the following: a table,
on which the four topics in computer science, and the player can choose any.
Next to each topic are points, the higher the score, the more difficult
question. Selecting a theme and score on the monitor, there is a question, a
participant answers it. After answering the monitor displays the correct
answer. If it is a replay player, the participant earns selected points and
selects the next grade or subject, and if not, then, the transition to the
next. The winner is the one who scored the most points. game can also be used
to secure the material studied, because after seeing the correct answer, the
participant remember.
Pic. 3 - Puzzles in the program
Power Point
. 4 - Playing
"Jeopardy" in the program Power Point
The use of data DER in
extracurricular work will increase the interest in the subject, the desire to
work independently.
Application of the program
Flash to create DER
In the program Macromedia Flash can
do some very interesting DER. In addition to the test (see Figure 8), puzzles,
crosswords can make video tutorials and demonstrate sound. Video tutorial
provide a visual representation of the possibilities of teaching lessons on the
basis of new information technologies.to do in Flash DER difficult as it is
necessary to own programming language and takes time. But if you apply the DER
in the workbench, the lesson will be more interesting and brighter.technology
to create video tutorials put non-linear editing, which allows to show the
dynamics of all the stages of the lesson, focus on teaching methods of solving
problems of teaching. The individual pieces of video tutorials can also be used
as a demonstration on real classroom.
Pic. 5 - Tests in the program
Macromedia Flash
Conclusion
date, one of the promising areas in
the teaching of computer science can be an integrated approach to the use DER
in the classroom. Typology allows the DER on the one hand, the student
demonstrate the formation of key concepts, on the other hand, the most active
part in this process. The use of DER in the learning process - is an attempt to
offer one of the ways that allow to intensify the learning process, optimize
it, to raise the interest of the pupils to study the subject, to realize the
idea of developmental education, increase the rate of a lesson, to increase
independent work. DER promotes logical thinking and culture of mental labor,
the development of skills of independent work of students, and has a
significant impact on the motivational sphere of the educational process, its
activity-structure.the lesson, using DER teacher organizes the lesson and the
consultant. DER does not replace the teacher or the textbook, but fundamentally
change the nature of teaching activities. Introduction DER in the learning
process enhances the teacher provides it in ways that allow us to solve the
problem is not solved earlier, for example:
improvement in the organization of
teaching, increasing individualization of education (up to work with each
student);
DER can help where the teacher does
not have time to address the gaps that have arisen because of missed classes;
productivity increase after school;
means of individualization of the
teacher (ERC - the repository of the results of creative activity of the
teacher:
created interesting assignments and
exercises - all that is missing in standard textbooks and that is valuable to
other teachers);
speeds up replication and access to
everything that has been accumulated in teaching practice.introduction of new
information and communication technologies in the modern educational process
will help make better preparation of students. That is why it is important to
be able to create the most DER teacher. The table shows the typology DER that
the active role DER in education is that they not only serve as the tools used
to address certain pedagogical problems, but also stimulate the development of
didactics and methodology facilitating the creation of new forms of teaching
and learning that can significantly improve the quality of student learning.
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