|
Engines
|
4 Soloviev D-30KP, 120kN
|
|
Lenght, m
|
49.6
|
|
Wingspan, m
|
50.5
|
|
Maximum take-off mass, kg
|
190,000
|
|
Crew, prs
|
4
|
|
Ceiling, m
|
13,000
|
|
Range with max.payload, km
|
4,800
|
|
Range with max.fuel, km
|
5,000
|
850
|
|
Max speed, kmph
|
975
|
|
Payload Capacity, kg
|
40,000
|
aircraft was first conceived by
Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload
of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi) in less
than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and
capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in
Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It first flew on March 25,
1971.of Il-76s was placed in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then a republic of the
Soviet Union). Some 860 of basic transport variants were made. In 1990s
modernized variants were developed (MF, TF), but were not produced in
significant quantity due to financial problems of the major user, the Russian
Air Force. The prototype of longer variant Il-76MF, with bigger capacity, first
flew on 1 August 1995. The production ceased around 1997, and the factory since
deteriorated. Some commercial aircraft were modernized to IL-76TD-90VD,
starting from 2004, using new engines PS-90 to meet European noise limits[. In
2005, China ordered in Russia 34 new Il-76MD's and 4 tankers Il-78, and the
factory in Tashkent completed 16 incomplete airframes. Production of the IL-76
at a new factory in Ulyanovsk in Russia, in cooperation with Tashkent works, is
under consideration.
2.Accidents
.11.1988 Aeroflot Ilyushin IL-76 78:78
Leninakan, Armeniaaircraft crashed after colliding with a Soviet fighter jet
.18.1989 Aeroflot Ilyushin IL-76 57:57
Nasosny, Russia SSSR-76569
.20.1989 Aeroflot Ilyushin IL-76 25:25
Leninakan, Russia SSSR-76466aircraft crashed on approach. Incorrect altimeter
setting used by the crew
.27.1990 Aeroflot Ilyushin IL-76 11:11
Kabul, Afghanistan SSSR-78781
.12.1990 Aeroflot Ilyushin IL-76 10:10
Kabul, Afganistan SSSR-8690aircraft was shot down.
.02.1990 Iraqi Airways Ilyushin
IL-76 130:130 Kuwait City, Kuwaitaircraft was shot down by Kuwait after
violating that country's airspace.
.05.1996Avialinii Ilyushin IL-76
19:19 Petropavlovsk, Russia RA-76752
.12.1996 Kazastan Airlines Ilyushin
IL-76 27:37 Chaki Dahdri, India UN-76435 12th of November 1996, two
planes smashed into each other while airborne. This accident happened over
Charkhi Dadri, India. Saudi Arabian Flight 763, a Boeing 747-168B, crashed
against Air Kazakhstand 1907, an IL-76. The Boeing was a commercial aircraft,
the IL was a cargo plane. There were 349 fatalities in total. While the Boeing
was taking off, the other plane was trying to land, ignoring the warnings from
ground control. It than crashed into the Boeing, which disintegrated in mid-air
immediately. The IL was still structurally intact, but still crashed being
uncontrollable.aircraft collided with a Saudi 747 after the crew failed to
maintain their assigned altitude. The 747 was climbing to 13,000 and the
Ilyushin was instructed to descend to 14,000. The aircraft continued
descending, however, and collided with the 747. Deadliest mid-air collision in
aviation history.
.18.2001 Dart Ilyushin IL-76MD 0:8
Oostende, Belgium UR-7882132 tons of paint and medical supplies for Guinee,
the Ilyushin freighter tried to takeoff from Oostende. During the takeoff roll
the crew noticed an engine fire warning and aborted. The aircraft overran the
runway by 40m and came to rest in a field with its nose gear collapsed and the
left wingtip touching the ground. The aircraft is presumably damaged beyond
repair.
.14.2001 Russ Air Transport Ilyushin
IL-76 10:10 Moscow, Russi RA-76588 Ilyushin 76 was being used to fly
construction materials from a military airfield just outside Moscow to Norilsk.
The aircraft reached an altitude of about 150 feet when it crashed about 550
yards from the end of the runway.
12.01.2001 Russian Ministry of
Interior Ilyushin IL-76TD 18:18 Novaya Inya, Russia RA-76839aircraft's
crew reported an in-flight fire af FL290, and declared intentions to perform an
emergency landing. The aircraft broke up and caught fire during the landing
attempt.
.31.2003 Euro Asia Aviation Ilyushin
IL-76TD 6:6 Baucau, East Timo RDPL-34141aircraft, on a cargo flight from
Macau, China, crashed short of the runway while attempting to land in foggy
weather conditions.
.19.2003 Iranian Revolutionary Guard Ilyushin
IL-76MD 275:275 SE Kerman, Iran 15-22? aircraft, on a flight from Zahedan to
Kerman, crashed 330 feet below the peak of Sirach Mountain approximately 35nm
southeast of Kerman. Weather at the time of the accident was poor.
Kinshasa,
Congo UR-UCB
The cargo aircraft was leased to the
Congolese Ministry of Defense and had been operating in Congo since December,
2002. On a flight from Kinshasha to Lubumbashi, at an altitude of FL330, the
aircraft's rear cargo door opened, ejecting at least 140 occupants from the
plane
.04.2004 Azov Avia Ilyushin
IL-76MD 5:7 Baku, Azerbaijan UR-ZVAaircraft, on a cargo flight Ankara,
Turkey to Kabul, Afghanistan, crashed on takeoff from Baku after a routine fuel
stop. The russian-built jet reportedly climbed to an altitude of several
hundred feet, before falling back to the ground and erupting in flames.
.18.2004 Azal Avia Cargo Ilyushin
IL-76TD 7:7 Urumqi, China 4K-AZ27aircraft, on a cargo flight from Taiyuan,
China to Riga, Latvia, crashed shortly after takeoff from Urumqi after making a
fuel stop. Reports indicate the aircraft had extreme difficulty becoming
airborne, reaching an altitude of only around 500 feet before crashing into a
farm approximately 2 miles from the airport.
.03.2005 East/West Cargo Ilyushin
IL-76TD 7:7 Khartoum, Sudan ST-EWB aircraft, on a cargo flight from Sharjah to
Khartoum, crashed shortly before landing after the Captain reported fuel system
problems. The pilot reported that he would attempt an emergency landing in the
desert near Aad Babaker, 9 miles west of Khartoum, but the aircraft crashed and
exploded.
.23.2005 Airline Transport Company Ilyushin
IL-76TD 8:8 Mwanza, Tanzani ER-IBRaircraft was on a cargo flight to Khartoum,
Sudan when it disappeared from radar and crashed into Lake Victoria shortly
after takeoff from Mwanza Airport.
.23.2007 Transaviaexport Airlines Ilyushin
IL-76TD 11:11 Mogadishu, Somalia EW-78849March 9, 2007 a company IL-76TD
(EW-78826) sustained substantial damage after being hit by a missile while on
approach to Mogadishu International Airport (MGQ). Later that month IL-76TD
EW-78849 flew to Mogadishu to deliver equipment to inspect the damage on
EW-78826. On March 23, EW-78849 was to be flown back to Minsk with a refueling
stop at Djiboutu (JIB). Shortly after takeoff three missiles were fired at the
plane. Reportedly one of the missiles hit the wing. Control was lost and the
airplane crashed.
.15.2009 Russian Air Force Ilyushin
IL-76MD 0:31 Makhachkala, Russi RA-76827Ilyushin IL-76 transport aircraft
operated by the Russian military have collided at Makhachkala Airport in
southern Russia, killing at least four people. IL-76MD RA-76827 (cn 1003404151)
was performing its landing rollout when its right wing collided with
sister-ship RA-76825 (cn 1003404136) which was entering the runway via an
intersecting taxiway. 4 of the 7 crew members aboard the taxiing aircraft were
killed as the cockpit was ripped away and a fire erupted, all 31 occupants of
the landing aircraft survived. Visibility at the time of the crash was
extremely low, with visibility reported less than 1/4 mile in freezing fog.
3.The popularity of
IL 76 and its usage all over the world
aircraft was first conceived by
Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload
of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi) in less
than six hours, able to operate from short and unprepared airstrips, and
capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in
Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It first flew on March 25, 1971.
were activated the machine in the
Soviet Air Force. It is a shoulder-wing monoplane, the engines is in suspension
towers under the wings. The lower part of the airplane nose has sights.in the
Soviet Union and its succession states or is the Il-76 on Cuba, in Iraq, India,
Libya and Syria was in the use. Negotiations with the VR China run and are
obviously successfully final.most modern advancement of the wide-spread
airplane carries the designation Il-76MF (TF). This model has over a loading
space over increased up to 50 per cent and more efficient, however more
economical engines. This makes a increased load weight of up to 52 tons and one
possible around approximately a quarter increased range (approximately 4000
kilometers). So far however only prototypes exist. Exist contracts, according
to which 2010 the first ten airplanes of this type is to be delivered to the
Russian Air Force. On a long-term basis the Russian arsenal is to cover 100 of
these machines.of Il-76s was placed in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then a republic of
the Soviet Union). Some 860 of basic transport variants were made. In 1990s
modernized variants were developed (MF, TF), but were not produced in
significant quantity due to financial problems of the major user, the Russian
Air Force. The prototype of longer variant Il-76MF, with bigger capacity, first
flew on 1 August 1995. The production ceased around 1997, and the factory since
deteriorated. Some commercial aircraft were modernized to IL-76TD-90VD,
starting from 2004, using new engines PS-90 to meet European noise limits[1].
In 2005, China ordered in Russia 34 new Il-76MD's and 4 tankers Il-78, and the
factory in Tashkent completed 16 incomplete airframes. Production of the IL-76
at a new factory in Ulyanovsk in Russia, in cooperation with Tashkent works, is
under consideration.aircraft were delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June
1974. It next became main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976 it was
operated by the Aeroflot lines. Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s
made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen, and
315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the
freight that was airlifted. Building on that experience, the bulk of the
Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan is flown in using civilian Il-76. As
of 2006, the Russian Air Force had some 200 Il-76s, less than half airworthy,
and civilian users in Russia have 108.Il-76 is also in use as an airborne
tanker, otherwise known as a refueller (Il-78, some 50 were made), and a
waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay'
AWACS aircraft (some 25 were made). Still more applications have been found in
Antarctic support flights and simulated weightlessness training for cosmonauts.
Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an airborne laser flying laboratory
designated A-60, of which two were built, although little is known about it, as
the project is still classified.Il-76MF(TF) is the latest development of the
popular cargo aircraft and features a 6.6 meter fuselage extension which
increases the size of the cargo compartment by 1.3 to 1.5 times, while new
PS-90A-76 turbofans each provide 16 tons of thrust. The lower fuel consumption
of the new engines increase fuel efficiency by 30%, permitting a 25% increase
in range. Furthermore, the additional power increases the maximum take-off
weight to 210 tonnes and the payload to 52 ton. Noise and emission levels meet
ICAO standard. The Il-76MD and Il-76TD are unique in their class and they can
carry cargo weighing up to 50 tonnes over ranges of up to 4000 km.early 2003
the Ilyushin aviation complex completed the tests of the military transport
plane Il-76MF with a prolonged cockpit and an enlarged cargo cabin. Since 1995,
the single existing MF prototype had performed 1,500 test flights. Beginning
with 01 May 2003, the Il-76MF was authorized for series production to be
supplied to the Russian Air Force. VASO, which was previously selected for
refitting a first batch of four Il-76MDs with PS-90A76 engines, will start
building the Il-76MFs in 2005. The Russian air force has signed for 10 aircraft
for delivery by 2010, while planning to take up to 100 units eventually. The
Il-76MF fuselage is extended by 21.65 feet and its PS-90A engines replace older
D-30KPs.28 May 2003 Colonel O.V. Barmin, Chairman of RF Ministry of Defense
Governmental Commission for the PS-90A-76 engine testing, presented
AVIADVIGATEL leaders with a preliminary conclusion on the PS-90A-76 engine
conformity to the requirements of the Ministry of Defense. The document is
signed by Colonel-General V.S. Mikhailov, Air Forces Commander-in-Chief, and
accords the right for engine mass-production. The PS-90A-76 will power new
IL-76MF and IL-76TF aircraft; besides, it will be used to re-engine
mass-produced IL-76MD and IL-76TD. At that time re-engining of two aircraft at
Tashkent factory and one aircraft at Voronezh factory was underway., the mass
production of IL-76 family at TAPO in early 2000s fell into serious problems.
This is mainly due to reductions in the factory: If at the end of the 1980's in
the TAPO employed 50 thousand people, by 2005 it was less than 10 thousand This
has affected the performance of a number of contracts. In particular, for a
year and a half was delayed assembly of three Il-76MD-90 for the manufacture on
the basis of their long-range radar detection aircraft A-50EI for India. Only
in January 2008 (instead of summer 2006), the first of three cars went to
Israel to install its Phalcon radar and onward transmission to the Indian Air
Force. According to a September 2005 contract between Rosoboronexport and
China's Defense Ministry, worth $1.5 billion, Russia was supposed to deliver 34
Il-76 Candid medium-range military transport aircraft and four Il-78 Midas aerial
refueling tankers. Delivery was planned for 2008-2012. The first deliveries
under the contract were due to begin in 2007, but in March 2006, Uzbekistan's
Tashkent Chkalov Aircraft Association, the manufacturer of the aircraft,
refused to sign a production contract with Rosoboronexport at the contract
price. The Tashkent plant had no large orders in the late 1990's and was
without significant subsidies, and thus was unable to fulfill an agreement.
According to TAPO, the real cost of assembling 38 aircraft was more than $ 400
million more than the contract price agreed with Beijing. As a result, the
agreement was delayed, and Beijing suspended negotiations on this and several
other military contracts with Russia.then, the Tashkent-based company has
become part of Russia's United Aircraft Corporation, and the planes will now be
assembled at an aircraft manufacturing plant in Ulyanovsk in central Russia,
the official said. In September 2008 it was reported that Russia will continue
negotiations on a contract to deliver 34 transport planes and four aerial
tankers to China earlier frozen due to a disagreement over prices. "We are
returning to the contract and renegotiating the price of these planes,"
Mikhail Zavaliy, a Rosoboronexport official told reporters at an air show in
the Krasnodar Region.this, the Russian government issued an order to transfer
the production of IL-76 family in Russia: 25 December 2006 was a contract
signed between Russia and Minpromenergo MAK Ilyushin. The program decided to
allocate from the state budget until 2009, 6.4 billion rubles. Coordinator of
the project was MAK Ilyushin. Final assembly takes place in Ulyanovsk ZAO
Aviastar-SP, wing at OAO Voronezh joint-stock aircraft Society (VASO), the
landing gear chassis at Samara plant Aviaagregat. TAPO will also be retained
production of components for IL-76.Il-76 series has proven quite popular, and
some 960 total aircraft had been built by 2008, with production still underway.
The Russian-built aircraft from the "Aviastar-SP" are scheduled for
2010, with the Ulyanovsk plant to produce ten IL-76 aircraft annually by
2012.Il-78 leads an aerial formation during the Victory Day parade over Moscow,
Russia.aircraft was first conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement
for a freighter able to carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of
5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi) in less than six hours, able to operate from
short and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather
conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic
regions. It first flew on March 25, 1971.of Il-76s was placed in Tashkent,
Uzbekistan (then a republic of the Soviet Union). Some 860 of basic transport
variants were made. In 1990s modernized variants were developed (MF, TF), but
were not produced in significant quantity due to financial problems of the
major user, the Russian Air Force. The prototype of longer variant Il-76MF,
with bigger capacity, first flew on 1 August 1995. The production ceased around
1997, and the factory since deteriorated. Some commercial aircraft were
modernized to IL-76TD-90VD, starting from 2004, using new engines PS-90 to meet
European noise limits. In 2005, China ordered in Russia 34 new Il-76MD's and 4
tankers Il-78, and the factory in Tashkent completed 16 incomplete airframes.
Production of the IL-76 at a new factory in Ulyanovsk in Russia, in cooperation
with Tashkent works, is under consideration
Picture
Operational historyaircraft were
delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974[1]. It next became main Soviet
strategic transport aircraft. From 1976 it was operated by the Aeroflot lines.
Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan,
transporting 786,200 servicemen, and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried
89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted.Building on that
experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan is flown
in using civilian Il-76. As of 2006, the Russian Air Force had some 200 Il-76s,
less than half airworthy, and civilian users in Russia have 108[3].Il-76 is
also in use as an airborne tanker, otherwise known as a refueller (Il-78, some
50 were made), and a waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the
Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AWACS aircraft (some 25 were made). Still more
applications have been found in Antarctic support flights and simulated
weightlessness training for cosmonauts. Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an
airborne laser flying laboratory designated A-60, of which two were built,
although little is known about it, as the project is still classified.
5.Emergency equipment on board
on waterlanding subjects skill of
the pilot to as much as possible rigid test. Contrary to a popular belief water
"does not soften" blow of a sitting down aircraft. Owing to the
physical characteristics it practically is not compressed, and in relation to
the plane falling on it with speed of several hundreds of kilometres per hour,
behaves the same as runway concrete. Only unlike concrete the water table never
happens ideally equal.« Having hooked »for a wave, the plane can be scattered
almost instantly on fragments not more largely several tens centimetres. Waves
do almost impossible successful landing to the sea or other open water table.
At modern "overland" planes is besides one design feature, disturbing
it is good to them "to float". Engines on liners of last generations,
as a rule, settle down under a wing. At the slightest error of the pilot they
"cling" water and, at least, come off, and at worst ruin all
plane.exitare in seats (Il-76Md ). Crewmen "sit" on them literally.
Behind an armchair of the commander there is a hatch of mine emergency exit, it
passes downwards through all nose part of the plane. Crew, having put on
protective helmets (ЗШ), should jump there headfirst, (that in a real life was
possible only on trainings).casesloading of cargo, warming up of engines and
launch when in tanks is the fuel greatest quantity, is possible fire occurrence
at fuel leak as a result of defects of the design and systems, short circuits
in an electric equipment, collisions with planes and other barriers, and also
influences of the SMALLPOX.of fuel which can pour out on ВПП in case of damage
of fuel tanks of the plane, will depend on following factors: sizes of damage
and its site, quantity of fuelthe damaged tanks of the plane, pressure sizes in
the account tanks, created by pumps (depends on power setting, the maximum 0,45
kg/sm2), temperatures of fuel and external air, humidity and other.quantity of
fuel which can be in fuel tanks of the plane, depends on it is modification,
weights of transported loading, type ВПП imposing restriction on the maximum
take-off weight, needed range of flight.of distributing of fuel on ВПП,
generally, will be defined by its type, a condition of surface (presence of
damages, cracks, having chopped off etc.), presence of snow, water, ice, any
pollution which have been melted off and destroyed designs of the plane, fuel
characteristics (type, a roughness, viscosity, temperature, presence of
additional impurity etc.), speed of movement of aircraft , presence of
drainages near to flood and a number of other factors.fire development
explosion of fuel tanks, as a result of heating of fuel to a bale - is
possible, pressure increases in tanks and decrease rigid characteristics of a
material of tanks. At explosion heated fuel the fuel part instantly evaporates,
other fuel scatters on the considerable, increasing a fire area. Values of
these areas are not known. For comparison it is possible to show that at
explosion during a fire in 50-t of the railway tank with gasoline a fire area
has made ∼
350 м2, and a fire area at flood of inflammable liquids of one tank reached to
1450 м2.a kind of uncertainty of a configuration and the sizes of the area of
burning at a plane fire in the various conditions at the present stage of
researches it is expedient to accept the most dangerous mode of burning. In
this case the fire will occur on the area of a projection of tanks of fuel of
the plane (S∼160
м2), that is fuel follows from tanks in such quantity which can burn out from
the area 160 м2. At following assumptions are accepted:
· Explosions of fuel
tanks does not occur (in tanks the system superfluous works pressure);
· ВПП concrete and
the poured fuel is not absorbed in surface ВПП;
· The cargo cabin
till the moment of the beginning of a fire is not damaged;extinguishing means
are not applied because of failure of the basic systems of aircraft as a result
of failures and (or) incapacity of crew of the aircraft. From experience of air
field fire-fighting crews it is known that if plane suppression begins later 5
minutes of a fire to extinguish a fire it is not possible.
Referrence List
.
Башкирцев М.П. и др. Основы пожарной теплофизики, М., 1978.
.
Волков О.М. Пожарная безопасность резервуаров с нефтепродуктами, М., 1984
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76
5.
http://www.vremya.ru/2009/6/46/221155.html
.
TransAVIAexport official memorial website
.http://story.malaysiasun.com/index.php/ct/9/cid/b8de8e630faf3631/id/236720/cs/1/
.
http://www.alpary.net/il76-spec4.html
.
http://avia.claw.ru