Темы английского для экзамена
Great
Britain
Great Britain is not large.
It takes just six hours in a fast train from London to Edinburgh, the capital
of Scotland. Great Britain lies not far from continent of Europe. It is
separated from the continent by the North Sea and English Channel.”Great
Britain” has several different names. Some people say “Britain” or “the United
Kingdom”, or just “UK”. There are four different countries in the United
Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Britain is only a small
country, but every part is different. Scotland is a land of mountains, lakes
and romantic castles. The winters are cold, with plenty of snow, but the
summers are often warm and sunny. Most farmers keep sheep and there are many
small factories, which make fine sweaters from their wool.
Northern Ireland has its
problems but it has beauty too. In the warm wet climate, the grass grows a
brilliant green, and much of the land is farming country. Wales is a special
place, a country of mountains and pretty valleys. But Wales has plenty of
industry too, with many factories and coalmines. The Midlands, known as the
heart of England is the largest industrial part in the country. The most
important industrial cities are Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, which is one
of Britain’s big parts, and Birmingham. The two famous Midlands cities,
Stratford on Avon and Oxford are connected with English culture: Stratford is
the birthplace of great William Shakespeare and Oxford is famous for its
university.
The USA
The United States of
America -the richest and one of the biggest countries in the world - has
several names. People say “The United States”, “The States”, “America” or just
“the USA” or “the US”.
There are fifty states in
the USA and over 200 million, people live in them. There is no “American
climate” or “American countryside”. Every part of the country is different,
from Alaska in the north, covered with snow and ice, to tropical Florida in the
south.
The American Indians were
the first people to live in that vast land. They had a fascinating, ancient
culture, and rich traditions of language and customs. But then, the immigrants
came. Most came from Europe, but there were also many from the Middle East and
Africa.
You can find almost
anything in America. There are mountains and deserts, old churches and moon
rockets, homes with three cars and homes with no electric lights at all.
The United States is a
young country. Its written history is only a few hundred years old. It is
sometimes, in fact, called the “New World”. Over the last four hundred years
millions of people have come to start a new life in this “New World”. Americans
are not afraid of new ideas. They built the first skyscrapers and they put the
first man on the Moon. They like to be modern. They like exciting, modern
cities, new houses, and new cars. At the same time, Americans love old things.
They like to visit historic houses and museums. They build old pioneer houses
and remember the days of “Wild West”. Americans are interested in old
traditions, but they are good at making new traditions too.
Russia
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vast territory
of the Russian Federation stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the
Pacific Ocean in the East, from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Black Sea
in the South. Due to the large territory the climate and nature are of various
types in Russia . The climate of Siberia is continental with very cold winters
and hot and dry summers. The climate in the central part of Russia is rather
mild. In the south of Russia the climate is subtropical.
Russia is a country of thick
forests, high mountains and long rivers. The longest rivers are the Volga in
Europe and the Ob., Yenissei and the Lena in Asia. Lake Baikal is the biggest
and the deepest in the world. It’s famous for its crystal clean water.
Russia is rich in natural
resources such as gas, oil, coal. Russia has one-sixth of the world forests. Our
country has a glorious history. Russian people suffered from many wars. But
they never attacked any other country.
Russia gave the world such
famous writers and poets as Tolstoi, Dostoevsky, Pushkin. Such composer as
Tchaikovvsky, Glinka, Borodin are admired in the world. The emblem of Russia is
a double-headed eagle, the most ancient symbols. The symbol of Russia is a
three-coloured flag. Is has three horizontal stripes: white, blue, red. White
represents peace, blue represents loyality, and red stands for valour. The
capital of Russia is Moscow.